While agility has recently attracted considerable attention in studies of systems development and management of information technology (IT), there is limited recognition within the information systems discipline of the important impact agility has already had on organizational studies in general. The extensive literature on agile development approaches has, for example, few or no links to the considerable literature on organizational agility that has developed since the Agility Forum was founded at Lehigh University in 1991 (Dove, 2001). The purpose of this special issue is to bridge this gap and to create a strong foundation for continued studies of the relationship between business agility and the diffusion of IT into organizational contexts. We believe this to be a timely purpose as organizations rebalance their IT infrastructure and portfolio of IT innovations in preparation for the future.
Business agilityBusiness agility is a relatively new paradigm painted as a solution for maintaining competitive advantage during times of uncertainty and turbulence in the business environment (Sharifi & Zhang, 2001). An agile mind is defined by Merriam-Webster online (2005) as having a quick, resourceful, and adaptable character. So, agile organizations respond quickly, they are resourceful, and they are able to adapt to their environment.Quickness is about the speed with which the organization can respond to customer requests, market dynamics, and emerging technology options. This includes the time to sense relevant events, the time to interpret what is happening and assess the consequences for the organization, the time to explore options and decide on which actions to take, and the time to implement appropriate responses (Haeckel, 1999). Resources are about the capabilities that are available within the organization including people, technology, processes, and knowledge. Resources can be both tangible and intangible and they provide the basis for doing business and for instantiating change (Haeckel, 1999). Adaptability is about how well the organization responds to changing demands, threats, or opportunities. This requires the ability to learn as well as flexible processes and products that can be reconfigured without extensive additional costs (Haeckel, 1999; Dove, 2001).Agility is concerned with economies of scope, rather than economies of scale (Dove, 2001). Where lean operations are usually associated with efficient use of resources, agile operations are related to effectively responding to a changing environment while at the same time being productive. The idea is to serve ever-smaller niche markets and individual customers without the high cost traditionally associated with customization. Agile organizations are not only capable of successfully implementing change; they are nimble, capable of responding quickly and gracefully to both expected and unexpected events in their environment. The