Weed Control in Immature Pecan (<i>Carya illinoensis</i>) and Peach (<i>Prunus persica</i>) Plantings

Arnold, C. E.; Aldrich, James H.

doi:10.1017/s004317450004604x

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Oryzalin at 4.5 kg a.i./ha without mulch resulted in greater weed control (94%, 4 weeds/plot) in 2012 4 WAT; however, this treatment provided the least amount of weed control of all preemergence herbicides tested. Arnold and Aldrich (1979) observed similar control of camphorweed (96%) 4 WAT in an immature peach orchard in response to oryzalin + paraquat at 4.5 + 0.6 kg a.i./ha. However, camphorweed control (88%) with oxadiazon + paraquat at 2.2 + 0.6 kg a.i./ha and 4.5 + 0.6 kg a.i./ha was less than that observed in our research (97%) 4 WAT (Arnold and Aldrich, 1979).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Arnold and Aldrich (1979) observed similar control of camphorweed (96%) 4 WAT in an immature peach orchard in response to oryzalin + paraquat at 4.5 + 0.6 kg a.i./ha. However, camphorweed control (88%) with oxadiazon + paraquat at 2.2 + 0.6 kg a.i./ha and 4.5 + 0.6 kg a.i./ha was less than that observed in our research (97%) 4 WAT (Arnold and Aldrich, 1979). Setyowati et al (1995) reported similar control (98% to 100%) 6 WAT of broadleaf and annual grass weeds in field-grown landscape crops with oryzalin at 3.36 kg a.i./ha in 1991, but slightly less control (84% to 88%) in 1990.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

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Evaluation of Mulch and Preemergence Herbicide Combinations for Weed Control in High-density Olive (Olea europaea L.) Production

Henry¹,

Hoyle²,

Beck³

et al. 2015

horts

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Field experiments were conducted at the Central Texas Olive Ranch in Walburg, TX, in 2011 and 2012 to evaluate the efficacy of mulch and/or preemergence herbicides for weed control in high-density olive (Olea europaea L.) production during orchard establishment. Treatments were initiated on 1 Apr. 2011 and 28 Mar. 2012 and consisted of a nontreated control, isoxaben (2.2 kg a.i./ha), oryzalin (4.5 kg a.i./ha), oxadiazon (3.36 kg a.i./ha), and mesotrione (0.14 kg a.i./ha). Hardwood mulch was applied to half of each plot following herbicide application. Weed counts, combined across species (camphorweed, texas croton, lanceleaf sage, pinnate tansymustard, tumble pigweed, common purslane, and prostrate spurge), were conducted to assess % weed cover at 4 and 12 weeks after treatment (WAT). In 2011, compared with the nonmulched no herbicide treatment, adding mulch reduced weed counts by 23 and increased weed control by 70% 4 WAT. All preemergence herbicide treatments, regardless of mulching regime, resulted in ≥97% weed control 4 WAT with the exception of oryzalin without mulch (91% weed control, 3 weeds/plot). In 2012, compared with the nonmulched no herbicide treatment, adding mulch reduced weed counts by 35 and increased weed control by 64% 4 WAT. Mulching in combination with mesotrione resulted in 100% weed control, significantly greater than mesotrione applied without mulch (98%, 2 weeds/plot) 4 WAT. Oryzalin without mulch resulted in greater weed control (94%, 4 weeds/plot) in 2012 4 WAT; however, this treatment provided the least amount of weed control of all preemergence herbicides tested. By 12 WAT, weed counts were reduced by 21 and 22 in 2011 and 2012, respectively, in response to mulching in the nontreated plots resulting in a 52% and 42% increase in weed control in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Mesotrione was the only treatment affected by mulching regime 12 WAT in 2011 and 2012. Mesotrione in combination with mulch resulted in 100% weed control in 2011 and 2012, while mesotrione without mulch resulted in 93% weed control (3 and 4 weeds/plot) 12 WAT in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Although not statistically significant, isoxaben applied alone in 2011 resulted in 97% weed control (1 weed/plot), while isoxaben in combination with mulch resulted in 94% weed control (3 weeds/plot) 12 WAT. In 2011, oryzalin and oxadiazon resulted in 87% to 92% control, regardless of mulching regime 12 WAT. Weed control in response to isoxaben in 2012 was 95% 12 WAT, regardless of mulching regime. The combination of oxadiazon + mulch resulted in similar weed control (95%, 3 weeds/plot) 12 WAT; however, oxadiazon alone and oryzalin with and without mulch resulted in 87% to 89% weed control. All preemergence herbicides evaluated provided good to excellent weed control. Isoxaben and oryzalin are labeled for use on nonbearing fruit trees or during orchard establishment, while oxadiazon is only labeled for woody ornamentals. Although not labeled for use in orchards, mesotrione may be an alternative for use in olive production. The addition of mulching did not increase weed control except when used in conjunction with mesotrione. Mulch alone provided moderate weed control when preemergence herbicides were not applied. Furthermore, the utilization of mulch in combination with preemergence herbicides may help reduce photodegradation and/or volatilization when irrigation/rainfall is limited.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

Evaluation of Mulch and Preemergence Herbicide Combinations for Weed Control in High-density Olive (Olea europaea L.) Production

Henry¹,

Hoyle²,

Beck³

et al. 2015

horts

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“…Tree growth during orchard establishment can be increased by maintaining a weedfree area surrounding the tree (Foshee et al, 1995;Patterson et al, 1990;Patterson and Goff, 1994;Wolf and Smith, 1999). Cultivation (Foshee et al, 1997;Merwin et al, 1994;Patterson et al, 1990;Patterson and Goff, 1994;Smith et al, 1959), herbicides (Arnold and Aldrich, 1979;Foshee et al, 1997;Merwin et al, 1994;Norton and Storey, 1970;Patterson et al, 1990;Patterson and Goff, 1994;Robinson and O'Kennedy, 1978), or various mulch materials (Foshee et al, 1996;Merwin et al, 1994;Robinson and O'Kennedy, 1978) can be used to control weeds that interfere with growth. Cultivation is normally considered undesirable since it increases soil erosion, causes soil structure loss, and frequently results in tree injury.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mulch Improves Pecan Tree Growth during Orchard Establishment

Smith¹,

Carroll²,

Cheary³

2000

HortSci

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`Giles' pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] seedlings were either not mulched or mulched with wood chips arranged in a 1- or 2-m-wide square that was 30 cm deep. Mulch treatments were in factorial combination with two N rates applied as either a single application at budbreak or as a split application at budbreak and 3 weeks later. Tree height was positively related to mulch width each year of the 3-year study, and trunk diameter was positively related to mulch width during the second and third years of the experiment. Leaf P and K concentration during 2 years and leaf N during 1 year of the study were positively related to mulch width. Trees receiving the higher N rate were taller during 2 of 3 years, but leaf N concentration was not affected by N rate. No differences in the parameters measured were observed whether N was applied as a single or as a split application.

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“…breakdown of herbicides such as oryzalin, simazine, and diuron (Arnold and Aldrich 1979;Norton, 1970;Vencill 2002), making repeated applications of broadspectrum herbicides necessary (Lipe 1986;Foshee et al 1997;Patterson et al 1990). Disking or some other soil incorporation technique could increase the persistence of some PRE herbicides such as norflurazon (Vencill 2002); however, such soil disturbances are known also to increase the risk of infection of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, the causal agent of crown gall (Cole 1969).…”

Section: Main Effect or Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research has quantified the detrimental effects of weed competition on pecan (Arnold and Aldrich 1979;Foshee et al 1997;Norton and Storey 1970;Patterson et al 1990;Patterson and Goff 1994;Smith et al 2005;Wolf and Smith 1999). Weeds compete for moisture and nutrients, and can decrease mechanical harvest efficiency (Goff et al 1991;Norton 1970).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Preemergence and Postemergence Weed Control Systems in Newly Established Pecan

et al. 2007

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Six weed control programs with and without irrigation were investigated in a newly established pecan orchard. Irrigation increased crown diameter growth in only one of seven growing seasons but increased nut yield an average of 35% in the first two bearing years. Weed control program significantly influenced crown diameter beginning in the fourth growing season and continued through season six while also impacting final crown diameter. The use of postemergence (POST) herbicides increased crown diameter a minimum 4 mm vs. preemergence (PRE) herbicides. Mowing neither increased nor decreased crown diameter when used with herbicides; however, when used solely, crown diameter was 29% less. Highest growth rates were obtained with a combination PRE plus POST weed management system. Nut yields were closely linked to growth data. No differences in nut yield were observed between PRE- or POST-herbicide programs alone or in combination with mowing. Mowing alone decreased nut yield 57% vs. herbicide-based approaches. A combination PRE- plus POST-weed control program increased yield 38% vs. all other treatments.

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Weed Control in Immature Pecan (Carya illinoensis) and Peach (Prunus persica) Plantings

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Evaluation of Mulch and Preemergence Herbicide Combinations for Weed Control in High-density Olive (Olea europaea L.) Production

Evaluation of Mulch and Preemergence Herbicide Combinations for Weed Control in High-density Olive (Olea europaea L.) Production

Mulch Improves Pecan Tree Growth during Orchard Establishment

Comparison of Preemergence and Postemergence Weed Control Systems in Newly Established Pecan

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