Weed flora in arable fields of eastern Ethiopia with emphasis on the occurrence of <i>Parthenium hysterophorus</i>

Tana, Tamado; Milberg, Per

doi:10.1046/j.1365-3180.2000.00208.x

Cited by 114 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In India, a yield reduction of 40% in agricultural crops (Khosla and Sobti, 1981) and 90% reduction in forage production were reported. In eastern Ethiopia, parthenium is the second most frequent weed (54%) after Digitaria abyssinica (63%) (Tamado and Milberg, 2000) and sorghum grain yield was reduced from 40 to 97% depending on the year and the location (Tamado et al, 2002). Other than direct competition with crops, parthenium poses allelopathic effect on different crops and other plants (Mersie and Singh, 1988;Evans, 1997a;Adkins, 2002;Wakjira et al, 2005;Adkins and Naive, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution, incidence, severity and effect of the rust (Puccinia abrupta var. partheniicola) on Parthenium hysterophorus L. in Western Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia

Bekeko¹,

Hussien²,

Tessema³

2012

Afr. J. Plant Sci.

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Parthenium is an exotic invasive weed that originated in South America, and has formed severe infestations in Ethiopia. This weed is known to be host to various micro-organisms such as the rust pathogen Puccinia abrupta var. partheniicola that may be used as a component of integrated parthenium weed management. Field surveys were conducted in 2008 and 2009 cropping seasons in eastern Ethiopia to determine distribution, incidence, and severity of the rust (P. abrupta var. partheniicola) on this weed. In addition, the effect of this pathogen on morphological parameters of parthenium was studied both in the field and in the greenhouse at the Plant Protection Research Center, Ambo. A total of 218 fields were surveyed in four districts (Chiro, Gemechis, Kuni and Tullo) of Western Hararghe Zone, eastern Ethiopia. All the fields surveyed were infected with the pathogen, indicating that the disease was widely distributed in the zone. The incidence of rust in the surveyed area ranged from 25 to 74% while severity ranged from 18 to 55%. The highest (74%) and the lowest (25%) disease incidence were recorded in Tullo and Chiro, respectively, while the highest (55%) and the lowest (18%) disease severities were encountered at Gemechis and Chiro, respectively. Altitude had significant effect on both disease parameters (p ≤ 0.05). The effect of this pathogen on morphological parameters of parthenium under field conditions was found to be significant (p ≤ 0.05) at all locations. The effect of the rust on parthenium dry matter and seed production was significant (p ≤ 0.05) at all locations. Also, the effect of the rust on morphological parameters of parthenium in the greenhouse was significant (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, there was significant variation in the number of rust pustules per leaf, leaf senescence, and number of leaves attacked per plant, disease incidence and severity both at 14 and 21 days after inoculation. In the greenhouse, comparison of isolates from Ambo, Kuni, and Tullo showed significant effect while isolates from Chiro and Gemechis performed poorly for all the studied morphological parameters of parthenium. This study indicated that P. abrupta var. partheniicola has the potential to reduce morphological parameters as well as dry matter and seed production capacity of parthenium weed. It also elucidated the presence of variation in aggressiveness of the isolates. However, more extensive studies need to be undertaken at molecular level to utilize this pathogen in combination with other host-specific insects and pathogens after importation and release, as a component of integrated parthenium weed management in Ethiopia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution, incidence, severity and effect of the rust (Puccinia abrupta var. partheniicola) on Parthenium hysterophorus L. in Western Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia

Bekeko¹,

Hussien²,

Tessema³

2012

Afr. J. Plant Sci.

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“…The majority of surveys that targeted the species composition of weed communities found similar factors to be important. In different surveys across Europe (Andersson and Milberg 1998;Hallgren et al 1999;Lososová et al 2004;Fried et al 2008;Cimalová and Lososová 2009;Šilc et al 2009;Hanzlik and Gerowitt 2011;Pinke et al 2012) and even on other continents (Tamado and Milberg 2000;Qiang 2005), weed species composition was most affected by the crop, edaphic factors (especially soil pH and soil texture), season, altitude and climate. However, rankings of these factors are highly inconsistent between studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods to conduct and analyse weed surveys in arable farming: a review

Hanzlik

Gerowitt

2016

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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Arable weeds always accompany arable farming; however, species and abundances vary in space and change in time. Surveys assess weeds on a large spatial scale. The regional and national importance, the abundances in which weeds occur, is derived from surveys. Environmental and management background data assist to explain the weed vegetation. Arable weed surveys can have an agronomic, a botanical or an ecological purpose-we approach the agronomic viewpoint. Scientific value results from spatial data about the arable weed vegetation for modelling the dependencies and predicting future changes on a large scale. Researchers, botanists, farmers, advisors, herbicide manufacturers and other industry players engaged in weed control can get rationale spatial impressions of trends in the weed vegetation. This review focuses on methodical aspects of weed surveys. Forty-three surveys on farmed fields, mainly but not exclusively undertaken in Europe, done in up to nine crops per survey covering periods of 1 to 67 years and including 59 to 4423 fields were excerpted for suitable methods to conduct and analyse surveys. The methods reflect agronomic and other targets, e.g. from vegetation science. When accessing existing data, the interdependencies of the layout and all targets should be handled with care. When setting up surveys for agronomic purpose, it is worthwhile to include 3 years and apply stratified sampling. We recommend assessing abundances rather than presence only. Weed survey data is most suitable for applying multivariate statistics. We recommend using proven methods, without discouraging to explore others. To collect sound explanatory data demands for robust contacts with land managers. Explanatory variables are important in survey analyses to extract knowledge about the drivers of the weed vegetation. We conclude that extra value can be obtained from existing weed survey data. We propose to setup public-private partnerships as a way to carry on with arable weed surveys.

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“…Most germination occurs in spring to early summer. The optimum temperature for seed germination is 10-25 0 C (Tamado and Milberg 2000). However, the seed germination is reduced significantly at 5-11 0 C (Williams and Grooves 1980).…”

Section: Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

<i>Parthenium hysterophorus</i> L., a noxious invasive weed

Paudel¹

2010

Botanica Orientalis

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AbstractsParthenium hysterophorus L., a member of the family Asteraceae and native to subtropics of North and South America, is an invasive plant species that colonizes disturbed areas, cultivated lands, roadside vegetation, and human settlement areas. The weed has prolific seed producing ability and fast spreading in nature. The plant is rapidly infesting into tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Its occurrence in Kathmandu valley was reported first time in 1986. The seeds are highly viable and adaptive and can travel long distance with the help of its wing like structures at the base. They can anchor on rough surfaces with the help of feathered claws like structures. The weed is being very problematic because of its aggressiveness, allelopathic impacts, and health hazard risks for human and livestock. The weed posses different allelochemicals, specially sesquiterpenes and phenolics, parthenin being the chief one. The weed adversely affects crop plants and sensitive grass species. Besides it causes hay fever, dermatitis, skin infections, bronchitis and several other health impacts. The control of the weed is a challenging task; however, different herbicides and some biological agents have been reported for its management.

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Weed flora in arable fields of eastern Ethiopia with emphasis on the occurrence of Parthenium hysterophorus

Cited by 114 publications

References 16 publications

Distribution, incidence, severity and effect of the rust (Puccinia abrupta var. partheniicola) on Parthenium hysterophorus L. in Western Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia

Distribution, incidence, severity and effect of the rust (Puccinia abrupta var. partheniicola) on Parthenium hysterophorus L. in Western Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia

Methods to conduct and analyse weed surveys in arable farming: a review

<i>Parthenium hysterophorus</i> L., a noxious invasive weed

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