Weed Management in Conservation Agriculture Systems

Eslami, S V

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1019-9_5

Cited by 23 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 218 publications

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“…When applied in pre-emergence, the main goal of tillage is to control the soil weed seedbank and to give the crop a better start to compete against weeds during the first stages. The herbicidal activity of tillage is exerted by affecting the vertical distribution of the seedbank: on one side, the germination of weed seeds buried into the soil decreases significantly due to changes in microclimatic patterns (temperature, aeration, light), while on the other side, predation and physiological death of weed seeds and vegetative propagules on the soil surface increases [40,95]. Information on the differences between tillage systems (zero, minimum and conventional) on weed density and diversity indices are contrasting, probably due to the differences in climatic conditions, soil characteristics and agronomic practices of the areas where the experiments were conducted.…”

Section: Mechanical Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Weed Management in Herbaceous Field Crops

2020

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Current awareness about the environmental impact of intensive agriculture, mainly pesticides and herbicides, has driven the research community and the government institutions to program and develop new eco-friendly agronomic practices for pest control. In this scenario, integrated pest management and integrated weed management (IWM) have become mandatory. Weeds are commonly recognized as the most important biotic factor affecting crop production, especially in organic farming and low-input agriculture. In herbaceous field crops, comprising a wide diversity of plant species playing a significant economic importance, a compendium of the specific IWM systems is missing, that, on the contrary, have been developed for single species. The main goal of this review is to fill such gap by discussing the general principles and basic aspects of IWM to develop the most appropriate strategy for herbaceous field crops. In particular, a 4-step approach is proposed: (i) prevention, based on the management of the soil seedbank and the improvement of the crop competitiveness against weeds, (ii) weed mapping, aiming at knowing the biological and ecological characteristics of weeds present in the field, (iii) the decision-making process on the basis of the critical period of weed control and weed thresholds and iv) direct control (mechanical, physical, biological and chemical). Moreover, the last paragraph discusses and suggests possible integrations of allelopathic mechanisms in IWM systems.

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Section: Mechanical Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Weed Management in Herbaceous Field Crops

2020

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“…Crop cultivars differ in their competitive ability to supress weeds Chauhan, 2011, 2013;Eslami, 2015). Integration of competitive cultivars in cropping systems would reduce herbicide usage and the overall weed management costs.…”

Section: Weed Competitive Cultivarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Integration of competitive cultivars in cropping systems would reduce herbicide usage and the overall weed management costs. In general, weedcompetitiveness of cultivars is correlated with plant height, seedling vigour, early canopy closure, leaf orientation, leaf area development, and branching and tillering pattern (Eslami, 2015). During the growth process, cotton plants will branch and expand their canopy leading to complete canopy closure (Jost and Cothren, 2001).…”

Section: Weed Competitive Cultivarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increasing plant density is a non-chemical tactic that can be easily integrated with cropping to supress many dominant weeds (Eslami, 2015;Mahajan et al, 2015). Under high weed pressure situations, there can often be crop yield benefits, better weed control, and reductions in cost of weed control by adopting dense crop stands (Mahajan et al, 2015).…”

Section: Increasing Plant Density and Reduced Row Spacingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increasing plant density would lead to early canopy closure and thereby limit light penetration into the inter-row spaces and lead to the suppression of many dominant weeds (Eslami, 2015). The weeds that proliferate under a noncompetitive environment, but perform poorly under increased competition, could be effectively suppressed by integrating this tactic (Chauhan and Johnson, 2010b;Eslami, 2015). Cyperus sp.…”

Section: Increasing Plant Density and Reduced Row Spacingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Weed management in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) through weed-crop competition: A review

Manalil

Coast

Werth³

et al. 2017

Crop Protection

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a b s t r a c tThe agriculture sector is embracing energy efficient conservation systems and technological innovations to meet the ever increasing demand for food, fibre, and fuel in tune with the rapidly increasing human population. The genetic modification of plants is one of the technological innovations that is adopted rapidly across the world. In cotton, many major producing countries have adopted herbicide-tolerant genetically modified crops. Over-reliance on herbicides for weed management in both genetically modified and conventional systems has led to the rapid evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds. Poor weed management can cause up to 90% yield loss in cotton. Undoubtedly, integration of non-chemical methods and diversifying weed control options would ensure the sustainability of available weed management options, including herbicides. Increasing crop competitiveness is one of the approaches that could be integrated with the current weed management systems. Choosing cultivars with early vigour, use of narrow row planting, orienting crop rows with regard to sunlight, and adjusting planting density are some of the approaches that could enhance the competitiveness of crops over weeds. Review of the available literature on cotton indicates weed suppressive benefits by enhancing crop competitiveness through increasing planting density and narrow row spacing. Early canopy closure in narrow row spaced systems would suppress many problem weeds. In addition, herbicide efficacy may be increased due to competition offered by a dense crop stand, which may reduce herbicide selection pressure on weeds. However, the use of narrow row spacing is still in an infant stage in many cottongrowing countries and the success may depend on the environment, soil type, and resource availability. This review analyses and reports the potential benefits of increasing crop competition as a weed management option and also highlights research to be undertaken to ensure the adoption of different strategies on a much wider scale.

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Seed size, planting date, and seeding rate on cotton vigor and yield

Holladay,

Jones,

Plumblee

et al. 2024

Agronomy Journal

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Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is one of the top economic crops in South Carolina, and growers make many important decisions prior to planting each year including variety selection, planting date, seed size, and seeding rate. As input costs continue to rise, greater detailed information is needed so that growers can make better informed decisions for their individual operations. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the influence of seed size, seeding rate, and planting date on the growth, development, lint yield, and fiber quality for cotton grown in South Carolina. Two seed sizes large (≤9460 seed kg−1) and small (≥12,100 seed kg−1) were planted at four seeding rates (61,775; 86,485; 111,195; and 135,905 seeds ha−1) on two different planting dates (early [late April/early May] and late [late May/early June]) in 2020, 2021, and 2022 in Florence and in 2020 and 2021 in Blackville, SC. Data collection included stand counts, biomass at multiple growth stages, plant height, lint yield, fiber quality, and overall net returns. Results showed no difference in lint yield for any of the factors in either location in 2020; however, the small‐seeded variety lint yield was 20% more than the large‐seeded variety in Florence in 2021 and 2022 and 5% higher in Blackville in 2021. In Florence, seeding rates over 100,000 seed ha−1 resulted in higher lint yield than the lower two seeding rates. In both locations, delaying planting until after May 22 increased lint yield by approximately 15% in 2021 and 2022. The large‐seeded variety consistently had greater dry biomass (12%–52% greater) than the small‐seeded variety, indicating that it produced larger, more vigorous seedlings. While seed size may not be a reliable predictor of lint yield, it has proven to be an accurate predictor of seedling vigor. Therefore, it may be beneficial to plant a high‐yielding, larger seed size variety when unfavorable planting conditions are expected.

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Weed Management in Conservation Agriculture Systems

Cited by 23 publications

References 218 publications

Integrated Weed Management in Herbaceous Field Crops

Integrated Weed Management in Herbaceous Field Crops

Weed management in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) through weed-crop competition: A review

Seed size, planting date, and seeding rate on cotton vigor and yield

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