Weed Seed Viability in Composted Beef Cattle Feedlot Manure

Larney, Francis J.; Blackshaw, Robert E.

doi:10.2134/jeq2003.1105

Cited by 107 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Many farmers are reluctant to spread fresh manure for fear of introducing viable weed seeds to their fields. Larney and Blackshaw (2003) recovered pre-counted weed seeds in nylon-mesh bags at various times during composting. Only one of the 13 species retained germinability on day 21 and only two species had respiring seeds on day 42.…”

Section: Elimination Of Undesirablementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of composting in recycling manure nutrients

Larney¹,

Sullivan²,

Buckley³

et al. 2006

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

103

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. 2006. The role of composting in recycling manure nutrients. Can. J. Soil Sci. 86: 597-611. Recently, composting has been gaining increased attention as an alternative means of handling manure generated by the livestock industry. Composting is not a new technology, it merely controls what is a natural decomposition process. A major advantage of composting is reduced mass, volume and water content compared with fresh manure which in turn reduces transportation requirements. Concomitant benefits include elimination of pathogens, parasites, weed seeds and odour emissions on land application. However, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) losses and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are associated with composting. Nutrients are stabilized during composting which slows their release once soil-applied. Compost also enhances soil physical and biological properties and has a disease suppression effect. Where the supply of manure currently exceeds land availability for application, or in some future scenario, if producers need to comply with stricter manure application rate regulations, composting may be an option to encourage nutrient export from high-loading watersheds to soils that may benefit from nutrient and organic matter inputs. Composting may be seen as a means of maximizing the potential for recycling manure nutrients by soils and crops while protecting surface and groundwater resources from manure-related contamination.Key words: Manure, compost, nutrients, cropping systems, soil quality Larney, F. J., Sullivan, D. M., Buckley, K. E. et Eghball, B. 2006. Rôle du compostage dans le recyclage des éléments nutritifs du fumier. Can. J. Soil Sci. 86: 597-611. Depuis peu, le compostage retient de plus en plus l'attention comme solution de rechange à la manutention du fumier venant de l'élevage. Le compostage n'est pas une nouvelle technologie. Cette technique ne fait que réguler le processus naturel de décomposition. Un de ses atouts majeurs est de réduire la masse, le volume et la teneur en eau du fumier frais, avec les économies que cela suppose au niveau du transport. Les avantages concomitants comprennent l'élim-ination des microorganismes pathogènes, des parasites, des semences de mauvaises herbes et des odeurs au moment de l'épandage sur les terres. Toutefois, on associe au compostage des pertes en carbone (C), en azote (N) et en gaz à effet de serre (GES). Le compostage stabilise les éléments nutritifs, ce qui en ralentit la libération après application au sol. Le compost rehausse également les propriétés physiques et biologiques du sol, et a tendance à combattre la maladie. Quand la quantité de fumier dépasse la superficie des terres sur lesquelles on pourrait l'étendre et que l'agriculteur doit composer avec des règlements plus sévères quant aux taux d'application, le compostage pourrait favoriser le transfert des éléments nutritifs des bassins hydrographiques surchargés vers les sols susceptibles de profiter d'un apport d'éléments nutritifs et de matière organique. On pourrait voir dans le compostage un moyen pour max...

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Section: Elimination Of Undesirablementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of composting in recycling manure nutrients

Larney¹,

Sullivan²,

Buckley³

et al. 2006

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Composting is an aerobic process in which organic matter in manure is stabilized into a humus-like product (30). The process results in water loss and mass reduction, nutrient transformation (22), alteration of physical structure (23), elimination of weed seeds (21), and the inactivation of coliform bacteria (25), protozoan cysts and oocysts (34), and viruses (39). Limited research has investigated the impact of manure management systems, such as aerobic composting, on deactivation of campylobacters.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged Survival ofCampylobacterSpecies in Bovine Manure Compost

Inglis

McAllister

Larney

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The persistence of naturally occurring campylobacteria in aerobic compost constructed of manure from beef cattle that were administered chlortetracycline and sulfamethazine (AS700) or from cattle not administered antibiotics (control) was examined. Although there were no differences in population sizes of heterotrophic bacteria, the temperature of AS700 compost was more variable and did not become as high as that of control compost. There were significant differences in water content, total carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), and electrical conductivity but not in the C/N ratio or pH between the two compost treatments. Campylobacteria were readily isolated from pen manure, for up to day 15 from control compost, and throughout the active phase of AS700 compost. Campylobacter DNA (including Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter fetus, Campylobacter hyointestinalis, and Campylobacter jejuni) was detected over the ca. 10-month composting period, and no reductions in quantities of C. jejuni DNA were observed over the duration of the active phase. The utilization of centrifugation in combination with ethidium monoazide (EMA) significantly reduced (>90%) the amplification of C. jejuni DNA that did not originate from cells with intact cell membranes. No differences were observed in the frequency of Campylobacter DNA detection between EMA-and non-EMA-treated samples, suggesting that Campylobacter DNA amplified from compost was extracted from cells with intact cell membranes (i.e., from viable cells). The findings of this study indicate that campylobacteria excreted in cattle feces persist for long periods in compost and call into question the common belief that these bacteria do not persist in manure.

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“…Composting decreases manure volume (Larney et al 2000), and eliminates pathogenic bacteria , human parasites (Van Herk et al 2004) and weed seed viability (Larney and Blackshaw 2003). Despite its benefits, like most manure-handling or storage practices, composting is associated with N and C losses (Larney et al 2006a(Larney et al , 2008Larney and Olson 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient and trace element changes during manure composting at four southern Alberta feedlots

Larney¹,

Olson²,

DeMaere³

et al. 2008

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Interest in composting as a means of handling the large volumes of manure generated by southern Alberta beef cattle feedlots has increased in recent years. We measured concentrations of 19 elements (C, N, P, Na, Ca, Mg, K, S, Al, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, P b , Co, Mo and Cd) in fresh manure, interim-composted manure and finished compost, at four commercial feedlots. Thirteen elements showed increased concentrations (by 26–73%) with composting, while four (C, Cr, Ni and Mo) showed concentration declines. Of the remaining two, the trend in N concentration was feedlot dependent, while Pb was largely unaffected. Total mass loss during composting averaged 54%, which represents a substantial decrease in haulage requirements. Overall average C losses were 61% and N losses 33%. On an equivalent wet weight basis ("as-is"), composting allowed haulage of 56% more N, 84% more P, 91% more Zn, and 76% more Cu than fresh manure, which is advantageous in terms of moving nutrients and trace elements from high to low-loading areas. Our study quantifies nutrient and trace element behaviour during composting, provides comparative data with fresh manure, and helps tailor end-use decisions (e.g., haulage distance, application rate) on the compost product. Key words: Manure, compost, beef cattle feedlots, nutrients, trace elements

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Weed Seed Viability in Composted Beef Cattle Feedlot Manure

Cited by 107 publications

References 24 publications

The role of composting in recycling manure nutrients

The role of composting in recycling manure nutrients

Prolonged Survival ofCampylobacterSpecies in Bovine Manure Compost

Nutrient and trace element changes during manure composting at four southern Alberta feedlots

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