Weeds and Weed Control in Coffee

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos das diferentes faixas de controle do capim-braquiária (Brachiaria decumbens) no desenvolvimento inicial e na produtividade do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica). O experimento foi conduzido entre março de 2002 e maio de 2004, na Fazenda Cachoeiras de São Pedro, município de Garça-SP. As plantas de café utilizadas foram Mundo Novo (var. 388/17) no espaçamento de 1,40 m na linha de plantio e 4,0 m nas entrelinhas, sendo duas mudas por cova. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelas seguintes faixas de controle: 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 e 150 cm de largura para cada lado da linha cultivada do cafeeiro. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados a altura e o diâmetro na base do caule das mudas de café, a produção bruta e a produção beneficiada dos grãos. Pelos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que a largura mínima da faixa de controle a ser utilizada foi de 100 cm de cada lado da linha, a fim de manter as plantas de café livres da interferência de capim-braquiária.

Section: Resultsunclassified

Efeitos das faixas de controle do capim-braquiária (Brachiaria decumbens) no desenvolvimento inicial e na produtividade do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica)

Souza

Losasso²,

Oshiiwa

et al. 2006

“…Adverse weed effects on coffee growth were brought about probably through competition mainly for essential nutrients (Gallo et al, 1958;Njoroge, 1994) and light (Blanco et al, 1982;Castro & Garcia, 1996), since soil moisture was almost constantly available. In this study, B. decumbens, B. pilosa and L. sibiricus probably imposed the strongest Effects of weed species competition on the growth ... competition for light since they quickly developed simultaneously in leaf area and height (showing a dense canopy), factors that allow weeds to be better light competitors (Walker et al, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different crop yield losses due to weed competition have been observed, such as 77% (Blanco et al, 1982), 55% (Oliveira et al, 1979), 65% (Eshetu, 2001), 52% (Pereira & Jones, 1954), 28% (Merino et al, 1996) and 24% (Moraima, et al, 2000). In addition to yield losses, several other harmful effects of weed competition on this crop are discussed elsewhere (Friessleben et al, 1991;Toledo et al, 1996;Njoroge, 1994;Ronchi et al, 2001;, including weeds as an alternative host to the coffee strain Xilella fastidiosa, which causes coffee leaf scorch (Leite Júnior & Nunes, 2003;Lopes et al, 2003) and possesses a greater nutrient competitive potential than the coffee plants (Gallo et al, 1958;Ronchi et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of weed species competition on the growth of young coffee plants

Ronchi

Silva

2006

-The effects of competition of seven weed species on the growth of coffee plants were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Thirty days after coffee seedling transplantation into 12 L pots with soil level area of 6.5 dm 2 , weeds were transplanted into or sown in those pots, at densities of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 plants per pot. Competition or weedy periods from weed transplantation or emergence to plant harvesting, at weed pre-flowering stage, were: 77 days -Bidens pilosa, 98 days -Brachiaria decumbens, 180 days -Commelina diffusa, 82 daysLeonurus sibiricus, 68 days -Nicandra physaloides, 148 days -Richardia brasiliensis and 133 days -Sida rhombifolia. Coffee plant height, stem diameter, leaf number and shoot dry matter were determined. Effects of competition by N. physaloides and S. rhombifolia against coffee plants were among the lowest, since only a slight decrease in all the characteristics evaluated in coffee plants was observed. The other weed species caused severe decrease in growth, mainly with increasing weed plant densities. Competition degree was found to depend on weed species and density.Keywords: density, Coffea arabica, competition, weedy period. RESUMO -Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da competição de sete espécies de plantas daninhas sobre o crescimento de plantas de café, cultivadas em casa de vegetação. Aos 30 dias após o transplantio das mudas de café, em vasos contendo 12 L de substrato e com

“…Different intensities of crop yield losses caused by weed competition have been observed: 77% (Blanco et al, 1982); 55% (Oliveira et al, 1979), 65% (Eshetu, 2001), 52% (Pereira & Jones, 1954), 28% (Merino et al, 1996) and 24% (Moraima, et al, 2000). In addition to coffee yield losses, several other harmful effects of weed competition on the crop have been discussed in other studies (Friessleben et al, 1991;Njoroge, 1994;Toledo et al, 1996;Ronchi, 2002;, including the greater competitive potential for nutrients weeds have, compared to coffee (Gallo et al, 1958;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Weed control in young coffee plantations through post emergence herbicide application onto total area

Ronchi

Silva

2004

-This study was carried out to investigate the efficiency of several herbicides under field conditions, by post-emergence application onto the entire area, their effect on the control of weeds in young coffee plantations and commercial coffee and bean intercropping system, as well as on both crops. Seedlings of Coffea arabica cv. Red Catuaí with four to six leaf pairs were transplanted to the field and treated according to conventional agronomic practices. A bean and coffee intercropping system was established by sowing three lines of beans in the coffee inter-rows. At the time the herbicides were sprayed, the coffee plants had six to ten leaf pairs; the bean plants, three leaflets; and the weeds were at an early development stage. Fluazifop-p-butyl and clethodim were selective for coffee plants and controlled only Brachiaria plantaginea and Digitaria horizontalis efficiently. Broad-leaved weeds (Amaranthus retroflexus, Bidens pilosa, Coronopus didymus, Emilia sonchifolia, Galinsoga parviflora, Ipomoea grandifolia, Lepidium virginicum, and Raphanus raphanistrum) were controlled with high efficiency by sole applications of fomesafen, flazasulfuron, and oxyfluorfen, except B. pilosa, C. didymus, and R. raphanistrum for oxyfluorfen. Sequential applications in sevenday intervals of fomesafen + fluazifop-p-butyl, or clethodim, and two commercial mixtures of fomesafen + fluazifop-p-butyl simultaneously controlled both types of weed. Cyperus rotundus was only controlled by flazasulfuron. Except for fluazifop-p-butyl and clethodim, all herbicide treatments caused only slight injuries on younger coffee leaves. However, further plant growth was not impaired and coffee plant height and stem diameter were therefore similar in the treatments, as evaluated four months later. Fomesafen, fluazifopp-butyl, and clethodim, at sole or sequential application, and the commercial mixtures of fomesafen + fluazifop-p-butyl were also highly selective for bean crop; thus at doses recommended for bean crop, these herbicides may be applied to control weeds in coffee and bean intercropping systems by spraying the entire area. Key words:Coffea arabica, Phaseolus vulgaris, intercropping, selectivity. Planta Daninha, Viçosa-MG, v. 22, n. 4, p. 607-615, 2004 RESUMO -Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de investigar, em campo, a eficiência de vários herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência em área total no controle de plantas daninhas, em cafezais recém-implantados e no consórcio de café e feijão, assim como seus efeitos sobre essas culturas. Mudas de Coffea arabica, cultivar Catuaí Vermelho, com quatro a seis pares de folhas foram transplantadas para o campo e cultivadas segundo práticas agronômicas usuais. O consórcio de café e feijão foi obtido por meio do plantio de três linhas de feijão nas entrelinhas do cafezal. Quando os herbicidas foram aplicados sobre as culturas, as plantas de café estavam com seis a dez pares de folhas, as de feijão com três folíolos e as plantas daninhas no estádio inicial de desenvolvimento. Fluaz...