Weekend Eating in the United States Is Linked with Greater Energy, Fat, and Alcohol Intake

Haines, Pamela S.; Hama, Mary Y.; Guilkey, David K.; Popkin, Barry M.

doi:10.1038/oby.2003.130

Cited by 194 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In addition to protein, there was significantly greater variability in fat intakes on Sundays compared with weekdays for both males and females (Table 3), consistent with earlier research that reported variability in dietary intakes on weekends (Post et al, 1987;Haines et al, 2003). Sunday is the day of the week that is more likely to involve social activities around food, with less-structured food choices and mealtimes compared with weekdays.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Much of the Sunday lunch and dinner variability reflected the wide range of food choices typical for Australian weekend lifestyle practices in which various take-away meals and casual meals such as outdoor barbecues were common, whereas their consumption during weekdays was less prevalent. This observation was not unexpected as weekend changes to habitual weekday food choices are commonly observed among urban Western populations (Post et al, 1987;Haines et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

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Minimizing random error in dietary intakes assessed by 24-h recall, in overweight and obese adults

et al. 2007

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Objective: To determine the minimum number of days of dietary intake interviews required to reduce the effects of random error (day-to-day variability in dietary intake) when using the multiple-pass, multiple-day, 24-h recall method. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: University research department. Subjects: A total of 50 healthy non-smoking overweight and obese (body mass index ¼ 26-40 kg/m 2 ) adult men and women aged 39-45 years completed the study. Participants were randomly selected from volunteers for a larger unrelated study. Interventions: Each participant completed 10, multiple-pass, 24-h recall interviews on randomly chosen days over 4 weeks. The minimum number of record days was determined for each macronutrient (carbohydrate, fat, protein) and energy, for each gender, to obtain a 'true' (unobservable) representative intake from reported (observed) dietary intakes. Results: The greatest number of days required to obtain a 'true' representative intake was 8 days. Carbohydrate intakes required the greatest number of days of dietary record among males (7 days), whereas protein required the greatest number of days among females (8 days) in this cohort. Sunday was the day of the week that showed greatest variability in macronutrient intakes. Protein (Po0.05) and fat (Po0.001) intakes were significantly more variable than carbohydrate on Sundays compared with weekdays, for both men and women. Conclusion: A logistically achievable 8 days of dietary intake interviews was sufficient to minimize the effect of random error when using the multiple-pass, 24-h recall dietary intake method. Sunday should be included among the dietary interview days to ensure a 'true' representation of macronutrient intakes. This method can be confidently applied to small cohort studies in which dietary intakes from different groups are to be compared or to investigations of associations between nutrient intakes and disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Minimizing random error in dietary intakes assessed by 24-h recall, in overweight and obese adults

et al. 2007

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“…Two studies demonstrated strong direct effects between portion sizes and energy intakes 38,39 . Seasonal variations in intakes were measured in countries differing considerably in their 25 Total fat USA Shelf space occupied by healthy foods in stores Objective De Castro (1992) 26 Energy, total fat USA Number of people present during meal Subjective De Craene (1990) 27 Total fat Belgium Location of residence, marital status Subjective (both) Diehr (1993) 28 Total 31 Energy, total fat USA Weekend/weekday, season Subjective Hellerstedt (1997) 32 Total fat USA Psychological demands, job latitude, job strain Subjective Johansson (1999) 33 Total fat Norway Location of residence, household income Objective (both) McCann (1990) 34 Energy, total fat, saturated fat USA Period of high/low workload Objective Morland (2002) 35 Total fat, saturated fat USA Whether or not there were the following food stores in the residential area:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Objective (all) † Supermarkets † Grocery stores † Full service restaurants † Fast-food restaurants Pomerleau (1997) 36 Total fat Canada Household income, source of income Subjective (both) Raynor (2004) 37 Total fat USA Availability of high-fat foods at home Subjective Rolls (2002) 38 Energy USA Portion size Objective Rolls (2004) 39 Energy USA Portion size Objective Rutishauser (1994) 40 Energy, total fat, saturated fat Australia Residing in a low or high socio-economic area Objective Shahar (2001) 41 Energy, total fat, saturated fat Israel Season (summer/winter) Objective Subar (1994) 42 Energy, total fat USA Season: summer or winter Objective Tarasuk (1999)43 Energy, total fat Canada Household food insecurity Subjective Van Staveren (1996) 44 Energy, total fat, saturated fat The Netherlands Season: summer or winter Objective Wardle (2000) 45 Energy UK Period of high/low workload Objective climate (USA, Israel and Europe), and mixed associations were seen 31,41,42,44 . Two studies found small differences in mean energy intakes between winter and summer, one found that intakes were marginally lower in winter among men 42 while another study among men found that energy intakes were slightly higher in winter 41 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of associations between environmental factors, energy and fat intakes among adults: is there evidence for environments that encourage obesogenic dietary intakes?

Giskes

Kamphuis

Lenthe

et al. 2007

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To review the literature examining associations between environmental factors, energy and fat intakes among adults, and to identify issues for future research. Methods: Literature searches of studies published between 1980 and 2004 were conducted in major databases (i.e. PubMed, Human Nutrition, Web of Science, PsychInfo, Sociofile). Additional articles were located by citation tracking. Results: Twenty-one articles met the inclusion criteria. No study provided a clear conceptualisation of how environmental factors may influence these dietary intakes. Availability, social, cultural and material aspects of the environment were relatively understudied compared with other factors such as seasonal/day of the week variation and work-related factors. Few studies examined the specific environmental factors implicated in the obesity epidemic, and there was little study replication. All studies were observational and cross-sectional. Conclusions: It is too premature to conclude whether or not environmental factors play a role in obesogenic and unhealthy dietary intakes. More studies need to examine associations with those environmental factors thought to contribute to obesogenic environments. There needs to be more development in theories that conceptualise the relationship between environmental factors and dietary intakes.

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“…[25][26][27][28][29][30][31] The reported increase in energy intake that occurs over the weekend coupled with the reduction in physical activity reported on a Sunday in the overweight participants suggests that weekends are a time of positive energy balance in this at-risk group. It would be useful for future studies to compare daily energy intakes with daily step counts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four-week pedometer-determined activity patterns in normal weight and overweight UK adults

2006

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Objective: To assess pedometer-determined physical activity levels and activity patterns in a sample of free-living normal weight and overweight UK adults. Design: Pedometer-based 4-week observational study. Participants: One hundred and twenty-two healthy participants, recruited from two regions in the UK, classified as normal weight (33 females and 26 males) or overweight (31 females and 32 males), in the age range of 18 to 65 years, completed the study. Measurements: Daily step counts were measured using a Yamax SW-200 pedometer, and were then recorded in an activity log. Comparisons were made between activity patterns occurring over different days of the week for the normal weight and overweight groups. Measurements of height, weight and percentage body fat, by bioelectrical impedance, were taken pre-and post-study. Results: A consistent reduction in activity was observed on a Sunday in the overweight group, and mean daily step counts accumulated on Sundays were significantly lower, by an average of 2221 steps/day, when compared with all other days of the week (all Po0.001). In comparison, no day-of-the-week effect was observed in the normal weight group. Mean step counts reported on each day of the week did not differ significantly between the two groups, with the exception of Sunday when the overweight group reported significantly fewer steps than the normal weight participants (8093 versus 10 538, Po0.001). Conclusions: Activity levels dropped dramatically in the sample of overweight adults on a Sunday. Simple instructions to at-risk individuals, to increase their general activity levels on a Sunday, via general practitioners and public health messages could prove to be a subtle, but effective, strategy to tackle obesity.

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Weekend Eating in the United States Is Linked with Greater Energy, Fat, and Alcohol Intake

Cited by 194 publications

References 7 publications

Minimizing random error in dietary intakes assessed by 24-h recall, in overweight and obese adults

Minimizing random error in dietary intakes assessed by 24-h recall, in overweight and obese adults

A systematic review of associations between environmental factors, energy and fat intakes among adults: is there evidence for environments that encourage obesogenic dietary intakes?

Four-week pedometer-determined activity patterns in normal weight and overweight UK adults

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