Third-generation oral contraceptives are an association of low-dose ethinyl estradiol and potent testosterone-derived progestins, developed in order to improve general and vascular tolerance. They are highly efficient and well tolerated by most users. Their extensive use has provided different key information: oral contraceptives (as well as non-oral ethinyl estradiolcontaining contraceptives) can be used in women under the age of 35 years with wellcontrolled metabolic risk factors and high familial risk of breast cancer. On the other hand, ethinyl-estradiol containing contraceptives are not indicated in women with a high risk of deep venous thrombosis, or noncontrolled metabolic and vascular risk factors (including being over the age of 35 years or cigarette smoking), or with a history of breast cancer. Progestin-only contraception is not well tolerated owing to bleeding. Future hormonal contraception for women with a high vascular risk may contain nontestosterone-derived progestins and 17β estradiol, or antiprogestins.