Weibull Raindrop-Size Distribution and its Application to Rain Attenuation from 30 GHz to 1000 GHz

Sekine, Matsuo; Ishii, Shigeyuki; Hwang, Seong-In; Sayama, Shuji

doi:10.1007/s10762-007-9221-0

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…There have been many investigations of THz attenuation based on different raindrop size distributions in outdoor rain conditions [21][22][23][24]. Several empirical raindrop size distributions have been presented such as exponential distribution, log-normal distribution, gamma distribution, and normalized gamma distribution.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Experimental and Theoretical Determined Terahertz Attenuation in Controlled Rain

Vorrius

Lamb

et al. 2015

J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves

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The effects of rain attenuation on 0.1-to 1-THz frequencies are reported in this paper. The THz pulses propagate through a rain chamber over a 4-m distance and are measured by THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). A rain chamber is designed to generate controllable and reproducible rain conditions with different intensities. Image analysis software is employed to characterize the distribution of generated raindrop sizes. Theoretical THz power attenuations due to rain are calculated using Mie scattering theory and are compared with our measurements. Results show that both experimental and theoretical results are in very good agreement with each other.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Experimental and Theoretical Determined Terahertz Attenuation in Controlled Rain

Vorrius

Lamb

et al. 2015

J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves

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show abstract

“…To our knowledge, a detailed theoretical study of such 'shot-noise' has not been performed up to now. However, a substantial dispersion of values is visible in the experimental data presented in [16] and [17]. Furthermore, such dispersion can be seen even in the case of the laboratory-controlled rain at extreme 50-400 mm/h rain rates with a relatively narrow Gaussian-like raindrop size distribution [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…However, this simplified approach is only one of the available alternatives. For example, M. Sekine et al [16] considered the Mie scattering theory for five raindrop-size distributions and determined that the Weibull distribution best describes the rain attenuation above 30 GHz. In a later work it was demonstrated that the Mie scattering theory with Best and P-S distributions provide the most suitable agreement with the experimental values in the 90-225 GHz range, while the ITU-R model and Mie scattering with the Weibull distribution leads to a better approximation at 313 and 355 GHz [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wireless communications beyond 5G: Uncertainties of terahertz wave attenuation due to rain

Tamošiūnaitė¹,

Tamošiūnas²,

Valušis³

2018

physics

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Statistical peculiarities of terahertz (THz) wave attenuation in heavy rain conditions are evaluated. The expected extreme densification of the infrastructure and the application of highly directional beams of 5th generation (5G) and beyond 5G (B5G) wireless networks were taken into account. Calculations were performed emulating both drop size distributions of the real rain and the laboratory-controlled rain described in literature. Simulation results revealed that absorbance fluctuations of more than one percent would occur if THz waves and raindrops interact within the 100 m3volume. For much smaller volumes, short distances and narrow beams used for experiments with the laboratory-controlled rain, absorbance uncertainties could exceed the average absorbance value. A comparison of the simulation results at fixed average absorbance revealed that slightly lower uncertainties were expected in the case of a single raindrop size when compared to the Weibull distribution approximating the real rain. Nevertheless, in both cases the predicted deviations were substantially smaller than observed in the previously published experimental results. This fact predicts a new future application possibility for such laboratory-based experiments – they can be employed to predict the performance of wireless THz data transmission links when the resilience margin is required. Since much of the existing industrial test equipment is not designed to carry out calibrated over-the-air measurements of 5G/B5G wireless networks, such experiments can be employed to primarily predict the performance of data transmission links.

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“…A detailed knowledge of rain drop size densities is an essential presumption with respect to remote sensing of precipitation. Recent research reveals that rain drop size densities can be described either by an exponential distribution (e.g., Marshall and Palmer [1]), a gamma distribution (e.g., Ulbrich and Atlas [2]), or a Weibull distribution (e.g., Sekine et al [3]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Measured Drop Size Spectra over Land and Sea

Bumke

Seltmann

2012

ISRN Meteorology

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Drop size spectra were measured by using an optical disdrometer of type ODM 470 at different locations. They were subdivided in to four data sets: measurements over land, in coastal areas, over semienclosed seas, and over the open sea. Based on 1-minute measurement intervals, no differences were found in drop size spectra between continental and maritime areas. An exponential model with a rain rate depending on interception number and prefactor in the exponent fits well the spectra, and maximum drop sizes depend strongly on estimated rain rates. In contrast to other investigations, there are no significant differences between spectra of convective and stratiform rain based on 1-minute measurement intervals. However, spectra integrated over 10 minutes show the expected differences.

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Weibull Raindrop-Size Distribution and its Application to Rain Attenuation from 30 GHz to 1000 GHz

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Comparison of Experimental and Theoretical Determined Terahertz Attenuation in Controlled Rain

Comparison of Experimental and Theoretical Determined Terahertz Attenuation in Controlled Rain

Wireless communications beyond 5G: Uncertainties of terahertz wave attenuation due to rain

Analysis of Measured Drop Size Spectra over Land and Sea

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