Weighing Giants: Taking Stock of the Expansion of China’s Defence Industry

Béraud-Sudreau, Lucie; Nouwens, Meia

doi:10.1080/10242694.2019.1632536

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

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“…39 Chinese clients will be expected to have more yuans instead 36 Sumeet Chatterjee, -Exclusive: China Agrees Taking First Step to Pay For Oil in Yuan this Year,‖ Reuters, (29 March, 2018) https://www.reuters.com/article/uschina-oil-yuan-exclusive-idUSKBN1H51FA 37 Damon Evans, -China Sees New World Order with Oil Benchmarks Backed by Gold,‖ Nikkei Asia, (1 September 2017) https://asia.nikkei.com/Economy/Chinasees-new-world-order-with-oil-benchmark-backed-by-gold Also Rajesh Bhayani, -China to Bring Back Gold in International Settlement with New Oil Futures,‖ September 2017, Business Standard, https://www.businessstandard.com/article/international/china-to-bring-back-gold-in-internationalsettlement-with-new-oil-futures-117092500288_1.html 38 Sam Meredith, -China will ‗Compel' Saudi Arabia to Trade in yuanand That's going to affect the US dollar,‖ CNBC, (11 October 2017), https://www.cnbc.com/2017/10/11/china-will-compel-saudi-arabia-to-trade-oil-inyuan--and-thats-going-to-affect-the-us-dollar.html 39 -Saudi Aramco Agrees to JV Deals for $10bn Refinery,‖ Arabian Business, (22 February 2019) https://www.arabianbusiness.com/industries/energy/413815-saudiaramco-agrees-chinese-jv-deal-for-10bn-refinery of dollars 40 and the pattern of global commodity consumption may be expected to move towards a purchase of Chinese commodities and technologies; and similar to the US's earlier experience the surplus will be reinvested in China's real estate, stocks, Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWF) as well as the growing international defence industry which continues to generate profits through extensive dual-embeddedness and reverseengineering innovations, paving room for further investments, production, sales and surplus creation. 41 However, this will also mean for China to provide equal opportunity and freedom to foreign investors. South Asian states are likely to face tremendous challenges as a result of these new economic dynamics.…”

Section: Evolution and Internationalisation Of Petroyuanmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ‘Petrocurrency’ Determinants in Growing Sino-US Confrontation: Implication for South Asia

Professor

2023

ISSI

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The purpose of this article is to identify the areas where China’s internationally rising monetary and petrocurrency influence is likely to conflict with the US’s monetary as well as strategic interests. It is assumed that China’s creation of mutually financially supportive networks of economic, monetary, petrocurrency as well as highly innovative and expanding defence industrial structures are sources of generation and reinvestment of revenues and surpluses which are directly coming in conflict with the US’s international interests and especially in the South Asian region. In this perspective, this article poses the questions: what are the innovative developments in China’s refinement of its petrocurrency and its internationally extended arms industry? How are these leading to confrontation with the US? And lastly what are the impacts of this monetary and petrocurrency policies on the South Asian region? In the theoretical domain, this article addresses the role of the combination of monetary and strategic factors in growing confrontation between the two great powers and the possibilities of conflicts leading to changes in international polarity and order. It is argued that China appears to suggest that its new version of international order encourages economic competition among great powers; however, this newly emerging Chinese global monetary and geostrategic network has equal risks of leading to strategic confrontations and armed conflict between China and the US as well as South Asian states.

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Section: Evolution and Internationalisation Of Petroyuanmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ‘Petrocurrency’ Determinants in Growing Sino-US Confrontation: Implication for South Asia

Professor

2023

ISSI

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Chinese and Russian Military Modernization and the Fourth Industrial Revolution

Bitzinger¹,

Raska²

2022

Global Power Shift

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China and Russia are both keen to exploit cutting-edge technologies for military use. Most of these advanced technologies are embedded in the so-called fourth industrial revolution (4IR), such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, automation and robotics, quantum computing, big data, 5G networking, and the “Internet of Things” (IoT). At the same time, most research and development (R & D) taking place in the 4IR is occurring in the commercial realm. The usefulness of 4IR technologies to future military capabilities will depend on how well countries can leverage breakthroughs in commercial R & D, via military-civil fusion (MCF). China and Russia are pursuing concurrent and often intertwined R & D programs to develop and advance 4IR technologies in their respective countries—particularly AI—and to subsequently utilize these technologies (via MCF) in military applications. Their mutual interests in exploiting cutting-edge technologies to underwrite military modernization could motivate Beijing and Moscow to collaborate on future 4IR R & D. Nevertheless, such cooperation could be limited. In particular, Russia lacks the resources or overall technological capacities (money and manpower, plus an already low level of innovation in the national economy) to function as an equal to China, and it may not wish to play the junior partner in such a relationship.

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