Weighing the giants– V. Galaxy cluster scaling relations

Abstract

We present constraints on the scaling relations of galaxy cluster X-ray luminosity, temperature and gas mass (and derived quantities) with mass and redshift, employing masses from robust weak gravitational lensing measurements. These are the first such results obtained from an analysis that simultaneously accounts for selection effects and the underlying mass function, and directly incorporates lensing data to constrain total masses. Our constraints on the scaling relations and their intrinsic scatters are in good agreement with previous studies, and reinforce a picture in which departures from self-similar scaling laws are primarily limited to cluster cores. However, the data are beginning to reveal new features that have implications for cluster astrophysics and provide new tests for hydrodynamical simulations. We find a positive correlation in the intrinsic scatters of luminosity and temperature at fixed mass, which is related to the dynamical state of the clusters. While the evolution of the nominal scaling relations over the redshift range 0.0 < z < 0.5 is consistent with self similarity, we find tentative evidence that the luminosity and temperature scatters respectively decrease and increase with redshift. Physically, this likely related to the development of cool cores and the rate of major mergers. We also examine the scaling relations of redMaPPer richness and Compton Y from Planck. While the richness-mass relation is in excellent agreement with recent work, the measured Y -mass relation departs strongly from that assumed in the Planck cluster cosmology analysis. The latter result is consistent with earlier comparisons of lensing and Planck scaling-relation-derived masses.

Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey. XXI. The Weak Lensing Masses of the CFHTLS and NGVS RedGOLD Galaxy Clusters and Calibration of the Optical Richness

“…Our results are consistent with those of Kettula et al (2015) and Mantz et al (2016), within < 1σ. Our normalization is consistent within < 2.5σ, and our slope within 1σ, of the results of Leauthaud et al (2010) (and therefore with Gozaliasl et al (2014)).…”

“…Because their masses are derived at the overdensity ∆ = 500, we convert their M 500 values to M 200 , using M 200 = 1.35M 500 from Rines et al (2016), derived considering that the mass-concentration relation weakly depends on mass (Bullock et al 2001) and assuming an NFW profile with a fixed concentration c = 5. We find that the normalization and slope of our fit to the complete(published) catalogs are consistent with the Kettula et al (2015) results within < 1σ( 2σ), and with Mantz et al (2016) results within < 1σ(< 1.5σ) in normalization and slope.…”

“…"CC" refers to the results obtained using the complete catalogs and "PC" using the published catalogs (see text for the catalogs definitions). Here, ∆a is the difference in normalization, and ∆b the difference in slope, between our results and those obtained by Kettula et al (2015), Mantz et al (2016) and Leauthaud et al (2010). The last two columns show that our relations are consistent, in normalization and slope, within 1 σ with the others in literature ( 2.5 σ in normalization with Leauthaud et al (2010)), when using the complete catalogs.…”

“…The black dots and the black squares have the same meaning as in Figure 9. The different cyan lines show the relations obtained using the X-ray masses from Gozaliasl et al (2014) catalog (GZ), calculated with the M-L relation of Leauthaud et al (2010) (LT), and the relations inferred by Kettula et al (2015) (KT) and by Mantz et al (2016) Table 4: Results of the fit of the weak lensing mass vs X-ray mass and mass proxy relations: log ML = a + b log MX; log (M200E(z)/M0) = a + b log (LX/L0E(z)); log (M200E(z)/M0) = a + b log (TX/T0). "CC" refers to the complete catalogs and "PC" to the published catalogs (see text for the catalogs definitions and for the values of the pivot mass, luminosity, and temperature used in the fit of the scaling relations).…”

Cluster mass calibration at high redshift: HST weak lensing analysis of 13 distant galaxy clusters from the South Pole Telescope Sunyaev–Zel'dovich Survey

“…The dotted lines correspond to normalizations that are lower or higher by 1σ , combining the statistical and systematic uncertainties of our constraints. The dashed and dashed-dotted lines indicate best-fitting estimates derived by Arnaud et al (2005), Vikhlinin et al (2009a) and Mantz et al (2016). heated through gravitational processes only, leading to predictions for cluster scaling relations.…”