Weight and tissue changes in long term starved frogs Rana esculenta

Grably, S; Piery, Y

doi:10.1016/0300-9629(81)90156-0

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…White muscle water content increased by 14% after 2 months of fasting for the winter flounder Pleuronectes americanus (344). Similar levels of increase (4.6%-15%) in organ (e.g., muscle and liver) and body water content have been documented after 3 to 18 months of fasting for the eel A. anguilla, the anurans R. esculenta and X. laevis, and the salamanders E. asper and P. anguinus (129,221,261,375). Fasting-induced increases in water concentration stem in part from the loss of tissue (fat and muscle) and its replacement by water (344,369).…”

Section: Maintaining Water Balancementioning

confidence: 53%

“…Other ectotherms apparently spare liver glycogen with fasting, and only after an extended fast do glycogen levels become significantly depleted. Fasts of 5, 6, 12, and 20 months significantly reduced liver glycogen, respectively, for the eel Anguilla anguilla (by 43%), the lungfishes P. annectens and P. aethiopicus (by 40%), and the anurans Xenopus laevis (by 87%) and Rana esculenta (by 95%) (221,291,318,375). In contrast, after 10 days of fasting, the mudskipper Boleophthalmus boddaeriti experienced a 25% increase in liver glycogen (Fig.…”

Section: Substrate Utilization During Fasting Glycogenmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…In addition to the liver, glycogen is also depleted during fasting from skeletal muscle (by 60%-89% over 1-20 months) for the lungfishes P. annectens and P. aethiopicus, the teleosts Rutilus rutilus and Perca flavescens, and the anurans X. laevis and R. esculenta (184,221,291,(373)(374)(375). Fasting reduces glycogen stores from the brain of Oncorhynchus mykiss (72% after 4 days) and S. salar (90% after 7 weeks), and from the ovaries of X. laevis (by 98% after 12 months) (375,516,518).…”

Section: Substrate Utilization During Fasting Glycogenmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Integrative Physiology of Fasting

Secor

Carey

2016

Comprehensive Physiology

149

144

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Extended bouts of fasting are ingrained in the ecology of many organisms, characterizing aspects of reproduction, development, hibernation, estivation, migration, and infrequent feeding habits. The challenge of long fasting episodes is the need to maintain physiological homeostasis while relying solely on endogenous resources. To meet that challenge, animals utilize an integrated repertoire of behavioral, physiological, and biochemical responses that reduce metabolic rates, maintain tissue structure and function, and thus enhance survival. We have synthesized in this review the integrative physiological, morphological, and biochemical responses, and their stages, that characterize natural fasting bouts. Underlying the capacity to survive extended fasts are behaviors and mechanisms that reduce metabolic expenditure and shift the dependency to lipid utilization. Hormonal regulation and immune capacity are altered by fasting; hormones that trigger digestion, elevate metabolism, and support immune performance become depressed, whereas hormones that enhance the utilization of endogenous substrates are elevated. The negative energy budget that accompanies fasting leads to the loss of body mass as fat stores are depleted and tissues undergo atrophy (i.e., loss of mass). Absolute rates of body mass loss scale allometrically among vertebrates. Tissues and organs vary in the degree of atrophy and downregulation of function, depending on the degree to which they are used during the fast. Fasting affects the population dynamics and activities of the gut microbiota, an interplay that impacts the host's fasting biology. Fasting-induced gene expression programs underlie the broad spectrum of integrated physiological mechanisms responsible for an animal's ability to survive long episodes of natural fasting.

show abstract

Section: Maintaining Water Balancementioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Substrate Utilization During Fasting Glycogenmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Substrate Utilization During Fasting Glycogenmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Integrative Physiology of Fasting

Secor

Carey

2016

Comprehensive Physiology

149

144

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The highest protein carbonyl content in C. alboguttata was the significant increase in carbonyls in the iliofibularis of aestivators at 0.6nmolmg −1 protein, while the gastrocnemius of aestivators along with control muscles showed protein carbonyl levels of 0.4nmolmg −1 protein or less, highly consistent with the wood frog. With the protracted duration of aestivation in C. alboguttata, targeted protein carbonylation may play a role in the acquisition of muscle protein for metabolic fuel (Grably and Piery, 1981) or urea synthesis (Withers and Guppy, 1996). Therefore, the significantly higher protein carbonylation during aestivation in the iliofibularis relative to the gastrocnemius might reflect selective protein acquisition from non-jumping muscles over a power-producing muscle required for immediate post-aestivation activity.…”

Section: Protein Carbonylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Each to their own: skeletal muscles of different function use different biochemical strategies during aestivation at high temperature

Young

Cramp

Franklin

2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYPreservation of muscle morphology depends on a continuing regulatory balance between molecules that protect and molecules that damage muscle structural integrity. Excessive disruption of the biochemical balance that favours reactive oxygen species (ROS) in disused muscles may lead to oxidative stress, which in turn is associated with increased atrophic or apoptotic signalling and/or oxidative damage to the muscle and thus muscle disuse atrophy. Increases in the rate of oxygen consumption likely increase the overall generation of ROS in vivo. Temperature-induced increases in oxygen consumption rate occur in some muscles of ectotherms undergoing prolonged muscular disuse during aestivation. In the green-striped burrowing frog, Cyclorana alboguttata, both large jumping and small non-jumping muscles undergo atrophy seemingly commensurate with their rate of oxygen consumption during aestivation. However, because the extent of atrophy in these muscles is not enhanced at higher temperatures, despite a temperature-sensitive rate of oxygen consumption in the jumping muscle, we proposed that muscles are protected by biochemical means that, when mobilised at higher temperatures, inhibit atrophy. We proposed that the biochemical response to temperature would be muscle-specific. We examined the effect of temperature on the antioxidant and heat shock protein systems and determined the extent of oxidative damage to lipids and proteins in two functionally different skeletal muscles, the gastrocnemius (jumping muscle) and the iliofibularis (non-jumping muscle), by aestivating frogs at 24 and 30°C for 6months. We assayed small molecule antioxidant capacity, mitochondrial and cytosolic superoxide dismutase activities and Hsp70 concentrations to show that protective mechanisms in disused muscles are differentially regulated with respect to both temperature and aestivation. High aestivation temperature results in an antioxidant response in the metabolically temperaturesensitive jumping muscle. We assayed lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation to show that oxidative damage is apparent during aestivation and its pattern is muscle-specific, but unaffected by temperature. Consideration is given to how the complex responses of muscle biochemistry inform the different strategies muscles may use in regulating their oxidative environment during extended disuse and disuse at high temperature.

show abstract

“…Vertebrates differ in their ability to tolerate starvation. Some small birds and mammals may only tolerate one day of starvation (Baggott, 1975;Mosin, 1984;Blem, 1990), whereas some snakes and frogs are reported to survive nearly two years of starvation (Grably and Peiery, 1981;de Vosjoli et al, 1995). The mechanism by which starvation exerts its effects on these parameters is often discussed in terms of metabolic reorganization in response to changes in nutritional state.…”

Section: Effect Of Starvation On Cyp1s Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and tissue expression of cytochrome P450 1B1 and 1C1 genes from Javanese Medaka, Oryzias Javanicus, under environmental stress conditions

Tuan¹,

Kaminishi²,

Funahashi³

et al. 2014

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cytochrome P450 1 (CYP1) is widely used as an indicator of exposure to environmental contaminants. In the study, two full-length complementary DNAs encode for CYP1B1 and CYP1C1 were cloned from medaka liver exposed to 500 ppb β-naphthoflavone for 24 h. CYP1B1, having 1984 bp, contains an open reading frame of 1551 bp encoding a protein of 517 amino acids; while, CYP1C1 having 2601 bp consists of an open reading frame of 1578 bp encoded for 525 amino acid residues. The highest levels of these CYP1 genes transcript were observed in intestine and the lowest in liver from the fish fed on fuel oil-contaminated feed. Javanese medaka CYP1B1 and CYP1C1 transcripts were detected in the gill, muscle and liver when transferred from seawater to freshwater with the highest level of expression in gill and muscle. Starvations for one week tended to down-regulate the Javanese medaka CYP1 expression.

show abstract

Weight and tissue changes in long term starved frogs Rana esculenta

Cited by 25 publications

References 14 publications

Integrative Physiology of Fasting

Integrative Physiology of Fasting

Each to their own: skeletal muscles of different function use different biochemical strategies during aestivation at high temperature

Cloning and tissue expression of cytochrome P450 1B1 and 1C1 genes from Javanese Medaka, Oryzias Javanicus, under environmental stress conditions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About