Weight discordant siblings’ ability to reduce energy intake at a meal as compensation for prior energy intake from sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs)

Abstract

Background: Insufficient compensation for energy from sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) consumed prior to meals may promote greater overall energy intake. If so, ability to compensate for prior energy intake may account for difference in adiposity between adolescents with and without overweight. Studies of fraternal siblings discordant for weight status control for some genetic and shared within-family factors, which allows for testing how putative non-shared factors, such as parental control of feeding, predicts sibling weight differences. Aim: To determine whether same-sex weight-discordant (one with, one without overweight) adolescent siblings differ in ability to compensate for prior energy intake. Methods: Same-sex biological sibling pairs (mean age = 15.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 15.1, 15.7) ( n = 38 pairs; 21 male pairs) consumed a sugar-sweetened (450 kcal) or a non-nutritive-sweetened (10 kcal) liquid preload of equal volumes on separate days, followed by an ad libitum lunch. Multilevel models examined ability to compensate, dietary restraint, and parental control of child’s feeding. Results: Siblings showed insufficient compensation and overate (with overweight = 44 kcal; without overweight = 32 kcal). Siblings shared little within-family similarity in compensation (intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.20). Compensation was predicted by parental restriction and general restriction ( p = 0.02) Differences in siblings’ BMI z-scores were associated with differences in dietary restraint ( p = 0.04) not with differences in compensation. Conclusion: Sibling differences in compensation for energy from sweetened beverages were not associated with differences in their adiposity. Compensation may be determined by a constellation of factors, including age, parental feeding practices, and food characteristics.

Food-related parenting practices and styles in households with sibling children: A scoping review

“…However, in multiple regression analyses, differences in perceived restriction were not associated with differences in sibling weight. Several other studies also found non-significant relationships between parental use of restriction (Berge, Meyer, et al, 2016;Keller et al, 2006;Roemmich et al, 2010;Ufholz et al, 2020) or control (Berge, Tate, et al, 2016) and differences in sibling weight.…”

“…Similarly, parents used more pressure toward the sibling with a lower inherited susceptibility to a higher BMI (defined by a lower BMI genome-wide polygenic score) (Selzam et al, 2018). In one study, however, the use of differential pressure to eat was only evident in siblings who were discordant on weight status (healthy weight vs. overweight) (Berge, Tate, et al, 2016) and in three studies, no differences in parental pressure to eat were reported despite differences in sibling weight (Berge, Meyer, et al, 2016;Roemmich et al, 2010;Ufholz et al, 2020).…”

“…Siblings Edition) (n = 2) (Berge, Tate, Trofholz, Conger, & Neumark-Sztainer, 2016;Berge, Trofholz, Schulte, Conger, & Neumark-Sztainer, 2016), which were designed to explore feeding interactions in families. In addition, a cohort of same-sex siblings discordant on weight status in New York was designed to explore factors contributing to differences in energy intake and adiposity in children (n = 2) (Roemmich, White, Paluch, & Epstein, 2010;Ufholz, Salvy, Feda, Epstein, & Roemmich, 2020). Sample sizes ranged from 5 to 2164 sibling pairs, with the majority of studies based on relatively small samples (≤88 sibling pairs) (n = 16).…”

“…In addition, only two studies focused exclusively on children under 5 years of age, one of which targeted 16month-old twins (Harris, Fildes, Mallan, & Llewellyn, 2016) and one of which targeted 2-to 3-year-old siblings (Damen, Steenbekkers, Fogliano, & Luning, 2020). In several study designs, the siblings recruited were concordant on traits such as sex (Bosk, 1988;Roemmich et al, 2010;Tripicchio et al, 2014;Ufholz et al, 2020) and age (twins or retrospective data collection for one sibling) (Damen et al, 2020;Harris et al, 2016;Selzam et al, 2018;Tripicchio et al, 2014). In other designs, researchers intentionally recruited siblings discordant on traits such as weight status (Bosk, 1988;Roemmich et al, 2010;Saelens, Ernst, & Epstein, 2000;Ufholz et al, 2020) or during analysis, identified subsamples of siblings discordant on traits such as sex (Berge, Meyer, et al, 2016), weight status (Berge, Meyer, et al, 2016;Berge, Tate, et al, 2016;Moens, Braet, & Vandewalle, 2013), and eating behaviours (Harris et al, 2016).…”

“…The most frequently used survey was the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) (n = 11), which is a parent-report survey used to measure parental restriction, pressure to eat, and/or monitoring practices (Birch et al, 2001). Several studies used versions of this questionnaire modified for use by children or adolescents in addition to or instead of parent reports (n = 3) (Pulley et al, 2014;Roemmich et al, 2010;Ufholz et al, 2020).…”