Weight Gain after Smoking Cessation

Pistelli, Francesco; Aquilini, Ferruccio; Carrozzi, Laura

doi:10.4081/monaldi.2009.367

Cited by 32 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…It is often noted that currently smoking individuals display lower weight/BMI and higher waist circumference (WC) as compared to nonsmokers456. Smokers also have the smallest fluctuations in weight over ∼20 years compared to those who have never smoked or have stopped smoking78.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide meta-analysis of 241,258 adults accounting for smoking behaviour identifies novel loci for obesity traits

et al. 2017

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Few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) account for environmental exposures, like smoking, potentially impacting the overall trait variance when investigating the genetic contribution to obesity-related traits. Here, we use GWAS data from 51,080 current smokers and 190,178 nonsmokers (87% European descent) to identify loci influencing BMI and central adiposity, measured as waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio both adjusted for BMI. We identify 23 novel genetic loci, and 9 loci with convincing evidence of gene-smoking interaction (GxSMK) on obesity-related traits. We show consistent direction of effect for all identified loci and significance for 18 novel and for 5 interaction loci in an independent study sample. These loci highlight novel biological functions, including response to oxidative stress, addictive behaviour, and regulatory functions emphasizing the importance of accounting for environment in genetic analyses. Our results suggest that tobacco smoking may alter the genetic susceptibility to overall adiposity and body fat distribution.

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confidence: 99%

Genome-wide meta-analysis of 241,258 adults accounting for smoking behaviour identifies novel loci for obesity traits

et al. 2017

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“…There is evidence that smoking is causally associated with lower body mass index (20) and cessation is frequently followed by rapid weight gain (21). Weight gain is a major deterrent to many smokers who want to quit (19,22).…”

Section: Nicotine's Influence On Appetite Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies on weight gain after cessation have identified two main pathways (24). The first involves central appetite regulatory mechanisms in the brain that are responsible for nicotine's appetite suppressing effect (21,22). Nicotine activates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors located on pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus.…”

Section: Nicotine's Influence On Appetite Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could Vaping be a New Weapon in the Battle of the Bulge?

Glover

Breier

Bauld

2016

NICTOB

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As the prevalence of tobacco smoking has been decreasing, obesity has increased.Obesity is set to overtake tobacco smoking in many developed countries as the primary preventable cause of conditions such as diabetes, cancer and heart disease. Obesity is a complex condition that is challenging public health prevention efforts. Tobacco smoking mitigates weight gain through nicotine's effect on the brain and metabolism.The prospect of gaining weight upon stopping smoking acts as an inhibitor to quitting and weight gain post-cessation is a common cause of relapse. Vaping nicotine is a new and controversial phenomenon that is highly attractive to smokers, but raises fears for health among public health and tobacco control advocates. There have been some reports among vapers that vaping is helping to mitigate weight gain after stopping smoking and or vaping is helping them to control their weight. There are several potential mechanisms by which vaping, in addition to the direct effects of nicotine, could facilitate weight control, these include taste perception, physical mouth feel and sensation and behavioural replacement. Research on the potential for vaping to support weight control may be worth pursuing given the human and economic costs of the global obesity epidemic and the failure of current obesity prevention strategies.2

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“…In addition, the weight gain associated with quitting can be problematic for both men and women, as current evidence indicates that post-cessation weight gain can range from 4–10 kilograms (Aubin, Farley, Lycett, Lahmek, & Aveyard, 2012). Notably, the increases in body weight following smoking cessation may be attributed to a lower metabolic rate and increased amount of body fat (Kleppinger, Litt, Kenny, & Oncken, 2010; Pistelli, Aquilini, & Carrozzi, 2009). Such changes can significantly diminish the positive health effects of smoking cessation via associated reductions in glucose metabolism (Yeh, Duncan, Schmidt, Wang, & Brancati, 2010), lung function (Chinn et al, 2005), and increases in the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (Luo et al, 2013) and hypertension (Gratziou, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More specifically, the potential mechanisms supporting resistance training as an aid for smoking cessation are that it could beneficially affect some of the most well known predictors of relapse, such as negative affect (Leventhal et al, 2013) and sleep disturbance (Hamidovic & de Wit, 2009), as well as barriers to quitting, such as weight gain (Pistelli, Aquilini, & Carrozzi, 2009). For example, studies have shown that resistance training can reduce many of the same negative affective states frequently reported during nicotine withdrawal, such as tension, anxiety, and depression (Arent, Landers, Matt, & Etnier, 2005; Singh, Stavrinos, Scarbek, Galambos, Liber, & Fiatarone-Singh, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of resistance training as an aid to smoking cessation: Rationale and design of the Strength To Quit study

Ciccolo

Williams

Dunsiger

et al. 2014

Mental Health and Physical Activity

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Despite recent declines in the rates of cigarette smoking, smoking remains prevalent among individuals with lower income, less education, and those with mental illness or HIV. Exercise is promoted as an aid to smoking cessation; however, the evidence for this recommendation is equivocal. To date, the majority of studies have only examined aerobic exercise; there is a poor understanding of the mechanisms of action; and there is an under-representation of male smokers. The goal of this trial is to produce new data that will help to address each of these gaps. A total of 206 male and female smokers will receive a brief smoking cessation education session prior to being randomized into a 12-week Resistance Training (RT) or Wellness Contact Control group. Both groups will have the option of using nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), and both will meet on-site twice per week during the 12-week program (24 total sessions). Follow-up assessments will occur at the end of the 12-weeks (3-month), and at a 6-month and 12-month (post-randomization) visit. Participants will not receive any additional smoking cessation treatment during follow-up; however, the RT group will receive a 9-month membership to a fitness center to encourage continued resistance training as a way to maintain cessation, and attendance will be tracked. The primary outcome is salivary-cotinine-verified 7-Day Point Prevalence Abstinence (PPA) at the 3-month assessment, and at the 6 and 12-month follow-ups. Secondary outcomes include effects of resistance training on nicotine withdrawal symptoms, indicators of mental health, and markers of disease risk.

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Weight Gain after Smoking Cessation

Cited by 32 publications

References 51 publications

Genome-wide meta-analysis of 241,258 adults accounting for smoking behaviour identifies novel loci for obesity traits

Genome-wide meta-analysis of 241,258 adults accounting for smoking behaviour identifies novel loci for obesity traits

Could Vaping be a New Weapon in the Battle of the Bulge?

Efficacy of resistance training as an aid to smoking cessation: Rationale and design of the Strength To Quit study

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