Weight Gain Reveals Dramatic Increases in Skeletal Muscle Extracellular Matrix Remodeling

Tam, Charmaine S.; Covington, Jeffrey D.; Bajpeyi, Sudip; Tchoukalova, Yourka D.; Burk, David H.; Johannsen, Darcy L.; Zingaretti, Cristina M.; Cinti, Saverio; Ravussin, Éric

doi:10.1210/jc.2013-4381

Cited by 64 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Consistent with a previous study [18] , there were no changes in the expression of macrophage markers or circulating MCP-1, although we noted that the degree of weight gain was associated with an increase in MCP-1. This data adds to the growing body of evidence that the inflammatory response may occur subsequent to insulin resistance in humans [18,[25][26][27] . Adiponectin exhibits that anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic, anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective functions is reduced in obesity [28] , and increased in response to weight loss [29] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Acute Overfeeding Does Not Alter Liver or Adipose Tissue-Derived Cytokines in Healthy Humans

Chen¹,

Liu²,

Thompson³

et al. 2016

Ann Nutr Metab

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Background/Aims: The secretions of liver-derived cytokines angiopoietin-like 6, insulin-like growth factor 1, selenoprotein-P and C-reactive protein and adipokines, adiponectin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 are altered in obese individuals, and they directly induce insulin resistance in both cellular and animal models. This study is aimed at examining the effects of acute overnutrition on these cytokines in healthy individuals, and identifying association with markers of insulin resistance. Methods: Thirty-one young healthy individuals (10 men, body mass index (BMI) 22.4 ± 2.7; 21 women, BMI 23.3 ± 4.9) were enrolled for the study. Metabolic assessments were done 3 days after an energy balanced diet (30% fat) and 3 days of a high-fat overfeeding diet (+1,250 kcal/day, 45% fat), and the assessments included the fasting body weight and blood samples to analyze the selected cytokines and evaluate the insulin sensitivity by a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (80 mU/m²/min). Results: Three days of overfeeding increased the body weight, fasting glucose and insulin, and thus the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. However, there were no changes in peripheral insulin sensitivity, or in the circulating cytokines assessed. Conclusions: The hepatokines and adipokines assessed were not acutely sensitive to overnutrition in healthy individuals, despite increases in markers of hepatic insulin resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Acute Overfeeding Does Not Alter Liver or Adipose Tissue-Derived Cytokines in Healthy Humans

Chen¹,

Liu²,

Thompson³

et al. 2016

Ann Nutr Metab

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“…Alligier et al [85] observed increases in lipid metabolism genes at 14 days, followed by increases in ECM genes and genes related to adipogenesis and angiogenesis at 56 days, which was supported by histological examination. Similarly Tam et al [112] reported significant increases in adipose tissue expression in collagens I and II and TGFβ after 10% weight gain, although no changes were noted in expression of inflammatory genes in either study suggesting change in the ECM was independent of macrophage infiltration.…”

Section: Does Macrophage Infiltration Promote Healthy Adipose Tissue mentioning

confidence: 74%

Do adipose tissue macrophages promote insulin resistance or adipose tissue remodelling in humans?

Heilbronn¹,

Liu²

2014

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation

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In diet induced and genetically obese rodent models, adipose tissue is associated with macrophage infiltration, which promotes a low grade inflammatory state and the development of insulin resistance. In humans, obesity is also closely linked with macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue, a pro-inflammatory phenotype and insulin resistance. However, whether macrophage infiltration is a direct contributor to the development of insulin resistance that occurs in response to weight gain, or is a later consequence of the obese state is unclear. There are a number of concomitant changes that occur during adipose tissue expansion, including the number and size of adipocytes, the vasculature and the extracellular matrix. In this review, we will examine evidence for and against the role of macrophage recruitment into adipose tissue in promoting the development of insulin resistance in rodents and humans, as well as discuss the emerging role of macrophages in mediating healthy adipose tissue expansion during periods of caloric excess.

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“…Furthermore whereas there was no differential increase in fat mass among treatment groups, lean body mass was increased in the normal-and high-protein diet groups but not the low-protein diet group. This finding suggests that the body mass differences are likely not traditional healthy lean body mass (i.e., muscle and water) but instead are comprised of extracellular matrix and other structural proteins supporting adipose tissue expansion (32) and even possibly liver proteins. Our results are similar to others.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of weight gain induced by controlled overfeeding on physical activity

Apolzan

Bray

Smith

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Apolzan JW, Bray GA, Smith SR, de Jonge L, Rood J, Han H, Redman LM, Martin CK. Effects of weight gain induced by controlled overfeeding on physical activity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 307: E1030 -E1037, 2014. First published October 7, 2014 doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00386.2014.-It is unclear whether physical activity changes following long-term overfeeding and in response to different dietary protein intakes. Twenty-five (16 males, 9 females) healthy adults (18 -35 yr) with BMI ranging from 19 to 30 kg/m 2 enrolled in this inpatient study. In a parallel group design, participants were fed 140% of energy needs, with 5, 15, or 25% of energy from protein, for 56 days. Participants wore an RT3 accelerometer for at least 59 days throughout baseline and during overfeeding and completed 24-h whole room metabolic chamber assessments at baseline and on days 1, 14, and 56 of overfeeding and on day 57, when the baseline energy intake was consumed, to measure percent of time active and spontaneous physical activity (SPA; kcal/day). Changes in activity were also assessed by doubly labeled water (DLW). From accelerometry, vector magnitude (VM), a weight-independent measure of activity, and activity energy expenditure (AEE) increased with weight gain during overfeeding. AEE remained increased after adjusting for changes in body composition. Activity-related energy expenditure (AREE) from DLW and percent activity and SPA in the metabolic chamber increased with overfeeding, but SPA was no longer significant after adjusting for change in body composition. Change in VM and AEE were positively correlated with weight gain; however, change in activity was not affected by protein intake. Overfeeding produces an increase in physical activity and in energy expended in physical activity after adjusting for changes in body composition, suggesting that increased activity in response to weight gain might be one mechanism to support adaptive thermogenesis. obesity; spontaneous physical activity; energy expenditure; doubly labeled water; metabolic chamber ENERGY IMBALANCE OCCURS WHEN ENERGY INTAKE does not equate to energy expenditure. Much is known about the effects of weight loss on energy expenditure, but little is known about the effects of overfeeding on activity-related energy expenditure (AREE). It is thought that when body weight increases, energy expenditure is increased as a potential mechanism to dissipate a portion of the excess energy consumed. This hypothesized increase in energy expenditure above what is expected on the basis of weight gain is described as adaptive thermogenesis (34). Several mechanisms, including increased spontaneous physical activity (SPA) and increased sympathetic outflow of the nervous system, are believed to support adaptive thermogenesis in response to overfeeding. In our recent overfeeding study, Bray et al. (5) observed adaptive thermogenesis in individuals consuming the high-and normal-protein diets (25 and 15% of energy from protein, respectively) but not individuals consuming a low-protein diet (5% ...

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Weight Gain Reveals Dramatic Increases in Skeletal Muscle Extracellular Matrix Remodeling

Abstract: We propose that skeletal muscle extracellular matrix remodeling is another feature of the pathogenic milieu associated with energy excess and obesity, which, if disrupted, may contribute to the development of metabolic dysfunction.

Cited by 64 publications

References 26 publications

Acute Overfeeding Does Not Alter Liver or Adipose Tissue-Derived Cytokines in Healthy Humans

Acute Overfeeding Does Not Alter Liver or Adipose Tissue-Derived Cytokines in Healthy Humans

Do adipose tissue macrophages promote insulin resistance or adipose tissue remodelling in humans?

Effects of weight gain induced by controlled overfeeding on physical activity

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