Weight Loss and Gastrointestinal Hormone Variation Caused by Gastric Artery Embolization: An Updated Analysis Study

Abstract

ObjectiveMany gastric artery embolizations (GAE) have been performed in recent years. We try to determine whether GAE caused weight loss by decreasing gastrointestinal hormone through the analysis of weight loss and gastrointestinal hormones changes.MethodsThe PubMed and Medline databases, and the Cochrane Library, were searched using the following keywords. A total of 10 animal trials (n=144), 15 human trials (n=270) were included for analysis. After GAE, we mainly evaluated the changes in body weight loss (BWL) and body mass index (BMI), as well as metabolic indexes, such as blood glucose, lipids, and gastrointestinal hormones levels.ResultsAnimal subjects received either chemical or particle embolization, while human subjects only received particle embolization. In animal trials (growing period), the GAE group gained weight significantly slower than the sham-operated group, ghrelin levels decreased. In human trials, GAE brought more weight loss in the early stages, with a trend towards weight recovery after several months that was still lower than baseline levels. Besides weight loss, abnormal metabolic indicators, such as blood glucose and lipids were modified, and the quality of life (QOL) scores of obese patients improved. In addition, weight loss positively correlates with ghrelin.ConclusionGAE may help people lose weight and become a new minimally invasive and effective surgery for the treatment of modest obesity. Physiologic changes in gastrointestinal tract of gastrointestinal hormones level may be one reason for weight loss in GAE.

Percutaneous Gastric Embolisation in Obese Patients: A Prospective Study of Mid-Term Outcomes

“…(22,23) From the early research evaluating the e cacy of arterial embolisation in the treatment of acute gastrointestinal bleeding to the aculates in the treatment of obesity, there has been evidence of a loss of body mass after LGA embolisation. (24,25) In the GET LEAN pilot study, patients who received LGA embolisation had a decrease in average body weight at the sixmonth assessment. (26) A similar result was obtained in the BEAT-Obesity study in severely obese patients, with a loss of excess weight at one month that was maintained up to 12 months.…”

Repeated photodynamic therapy using a chlorin e6‐embedded device to prolong the therapeutic effects on obesity

“…These alternative therapies include endoscopic bariatric therapies using intragastric balloons, endoscopic suturing devices, and bypass liners [10][11][12][13]; however, high costs, high risk of adverse events, and low patient acceptance are major concerns [14][15][16]. Because the fundus of the stomach is the major site for producing ghrelin (the hunger hormone), two types of self-expandable, metallic stent-based devices, i.e., full-sense devices and intragastric satiety-inducing devices (ISDs), inhibit ghrelin production by applying physical pressure on the fundus and cardia [17][18][19][20][21][22]. However, the long-term indwelling of these devices is associated with a high incidence of migration despite attempts at endoscopic and laparoscopic fixation such as clips, barbs, flaps, and stent fixation devices [17,18].…”