Weight Loss and Survival in HIV-Positive Patients in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Tang, Alice; Forrester, Janet E.; Spiegelman, Donna; Knox, Tamsin A.; Tchetgen, Eric Tchetgen; Gorbach, Sherwood L.

doi:10.1097/00126334-200210010-00014

Cited by 174 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This suggests that patients who are carriers of the CC genotype are more likely to suffer from loss of appetite; this results in weight reduction, which is quite common among HIV patients (Atkinson et al, 2012). Similar results have been described previously (Tang et al, 2002). Chest pain may be a manifestation of different infections such as infections by influenza virus or other respiratory viruses, bacterial agents such as the Bacillus tuberculosis, or fungal infections such as Cryptococus neoformans lung infection (Deok-jong et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Distribution of CXCR2 +1208 T/C gene polymorphisms in relation to opportunistic infections among HIV-infected patients in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Samie¹,

Dzhivhuho²,

Nangammbi³

2014

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Interleukin 8 (IL-8) is a chemokine produced by macrophages and other cell types, including epithelial cells, and its receptor is CXCR2. IL-8 plays an important role in the initiation and amplification of inflammatory diseases, including opportunistic infections. With the advent of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, opportunistic infections have become major health concerns. However, the role of host genetics on the occurrence of these infections has not been clearly defined. In this study, genomic DNA was extracted from 185 HIVinfected individuals in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. Allelespecific polymerase chain reaction was used to genotype the CXCR2 +1208 T/C gene. Genotypes CC, TT, and TC were associated with chest pains, frequent headaches, loss of weight, diarrhea, and loss of appetite among HIV patients. A significant association between the CC CXCR2 gene polymorphism among HIV patients genotype and chest pains was found (P = 0.035). The TC genotype was associated with loss of appetite (P = 0.044) and chest pains (P = 0.042). A weak association between diarrhea and the TT genotype was found (P = 0.082). No association was observed between tuberculosis and the genotypes. Immunological characteristics, such as viral load and CD4 count, were not significantly associated with the genotypes. The results of the present study suggest that carriers of the TC genotype are more susceptible to chest pain, but that this genotype confers a protective effect against loss of appetite. The CC genotype was found to confer protection against chest pain but appeared to increase susceptibility to headaches. Further studies using larger samples are necessary to confirm these results.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Distribution of CXCR2 +1208 T/C gene polymorphisms in relation to opportunistic infections among HIV-infected patients in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Samie¹,

Dzhivhuho²,

Nangammbi³

2014

Genet. Mol. Res.

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“…Compared with non-depressed participants, those who developed depression were significantly more likely to be women (37.9 vs. 20.1%, P 5 0.003), less educated (23.3 vs. 45.5% college graduates, P 5 0.008), poorer (54.4 vs. 36.4% with annual income ,$10 000, P 5 0.008) and had a higher symptom score (15 vs. 9, P 5 0.007). Those who developed depression had higher median CD4 cell counts than the non-depressed group at baseline (470 vs. 340 per mm 3 , P 5 0.03).…”

Section: Participant Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The median levels of log 10 viral load (3.0 vs. 3.0 copies per ml, P 5 1.0, Table 3) and CD4 count (470 vs. 440 per mm 3 , P 5 0.9) were similar at the first and fourth visit in those who became depressed, whereas there was a significant decrease in viral load (2.3 vs. 2.5 copies per ml, P 5 0.002) and a significant increase in CD4 count (330 vs. 437 per mm 3 , P , 0.001) in non-depressed participants. There was a significant increase in the symptom score (15 vs. 18, P 5 0.008) among those who became depressed, but no change (9 vs. 10, P 5 0.1) in non-depressed participants.…”

Section: Changes In Key Clinical Variables Between Visit 1 and Visitmentioning

confidence: 97%

Declines in dietary macronutrient intake in persons with HIV infection who develop depression

Isaac

Jacobson

Wanke

et al. 2008

Public Health Nutr.

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Background: The effect of depression on dietary intake has not, to our knowledge, been examined in persons with HIV infection. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal analysis of participants in the Nutrition for Healthy Living Study (NFHL). We measured changes in dietary macronutrient intake in participants who developed depression and, using multiple regression analysis, compared the changes with a control group of patients who did not become depressed. Results: Ninety patients developed depression during the observation period, and we compared these with 152 non-depressed controls. The two groups had similar age and body mass index (BMI) at baseline, but those who developed depression were more likely to be female, less educated and had lower incomes. After adjustment, compared with non-depressed participants, those who developed depression had significantly greater decreases in the following daily intakes: total energy (2341 kcal, P 5 0.006), protein (212.3 g, P 5 0.02), total fat (218.5 g, P 5 0.008), carbohydrate (236.8 g, P 5 0.02), total fibre (24.3 g, P 5 0.001) and saturated fat (26.7 g, P 5 0.01). There were no significant differences in the daily intakes of simple sugars and long-chain n23 fatty acids, or BMI. Conclusion: Depression is associated with decreases in total daily energy intake and in six of the eight dietary components we measured. Clinicians should be aware that depression-associated nutritional deficiencies may complicate the care of persons with HIV.

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“…Nutritional status is an important predictor of progression to AIDS and survival of HIVinfected patients (Mangili et al, 2006;Melchior et al, 1999;Ott et al, 1995;Suttmann et al, 1995;Tang et al, 2002;Tang et al, 2005;van der Sande et al, 2004). Body mass index (BMI) is an important measure of nutritional status in HIV infected patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug use and other risk factors related to lower body mass index among HIV-infected individuals

Quach

Wanke

Schmid

et al. 2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Malnutrition is associated with morbidity and mortality in HIV infected individuals. Little research has been conducted to identify the roles that clinical, illicit drug use and socioeconomic characteristics play in the nutritional status of HIV-infected patients. This cross-sectional analysis included 562 HIV-infected participants enrolled in the Nutrition for Healthy Living study conducted in Boston, MA and Providence, RI. The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and several covariates (type of drug use, demographic, and clinical characteristics) were examined using linear regression.Overall, drug users had a lower BMI than non-drug users. The BMI of cocaine users was 1.4 kg/ m 2 less than that of patients who did not use any drugs, after adjusting for other covariates (p= 0.02). The BMI of participants who were over the age of 55 years was 2.0 kg/m 2 less than that of patients under the age of 35, and BMI increased by 0.3 kg/m 2 with each 100 cells/mm 3 increase in CD4 count. HAART use, adherence to HAART, energy intake, AIDS status, hepatitis B and hepatitis C co-infections, cigarette smoking and depression were not associated with BMI in the final model.In conclusion, BMI was lower in drug users than non-drug users, and was lowest in cocaine users. BMI was also directly associated with CD4 count and inversely related to age more than 55 years old. HIV infected cocaine users may be at higher risk of developing malnutrition, suggesting the need for anticipatory nutritional support.

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Weight Loss and Survival in HIV-Positive Patients in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Cited by 174 publications

References 20 publications

Distribution of CXCR2 +1208 T/C gene polymorphisms in relation to opportunistic infections among HIV-infected patients in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Distribution of CXCR2 +1208 T/C gene polymorphisms in relation to opportunistic infections among HIV-infected patients in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Declines in dietary macronutrient intake in persons with HIV infection who develop depression

Drug use and other risk factors related to lower body mass index among HIV-infected individuals

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