Weight Loss in Overweight Adults and the Long-term Risk of Hypertension

Moore, Lynn L.; Visioni, Agostino J.; Qureshi, M.M.; Bradlee, M. Loring; Ellison, R. Curtis; D’Agostino, Ralph B.

doi:10.1001/archinte.165.11.1298

Cited by 95 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In our study, underweight BMI in both men and women had a lower risk of hypertension compared to those with normal BMI, which was consistent with previous studies. The Framingham cohort study demonstrated a lower risk of hypertension in overweight and obese participants who have a long-time reduction of weight (Moore et al, 2005). In addition, a three-year randomized clinical trial showed that long-term weight loss was associated with decreased risk of hypertension starting from 6 months suggesting that weight reduction should be an effective method for primary prevention of risk hypertension (Stevens et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Mass Index and Risk of Hypertension: 8-Year Prospective Findings From a Nationwide Thai Cohort Study

Thawornchaisit¹,

Looze²,

Reid³

et al. 2019

GJHS

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OBJECTIVE: As Thailand modernizes an ensuing health risk transition associates with rising chronic non-communicable diseases, especially hypertension. This is a driving force for emerging vascular disease, especially stroke and hypertension. Studies in other countries have shown hypertension is associated with obesity. Longitudinal information is needed forthailand and here we present our cohort data collected over 8 years And recording incidence of hypertension and exposure to elevated abnormal BMI. DESIGN & METHODS: BMI effects on incident hypertension were investigated prospectively in a nationwide Thai Cohort Study (TCS) from 2005 to 2013. Data were derived from 42 785 off-campus Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University students returning mail-based questionnaire surveys in both 2005 and 2013. Participants analysed were normotensive at the start (40 548). Multivariable regression estimated adjusted relative risks estimate linking obesity (measured by BMI) and hypertension (self-reported) among Thai men and women. RESULTS: In Thailand from 2005 to 2013 the TCS 8-Year Incidence of hypertension was 5.1% (men 7.1%, women 3.6%), which meant 1958 participants developed hypertension. BMI was directly associated with an increased risk of hypertension. Compared to participants with a normal BMI (18.5-22.9 Kg/M2), The relative risks (95% confidence interval) of developing hypertension with a BMI of ≤ 18.5.23.0–24.9, 25-29.9 and >30 Kg/m2 were 0.54 (0.3-0.97), 1.8(1.49-2.18), 3.27 (2.73-3.91) and 6.73 (5.1-8.97) for men and 0.65 (0.45-0.95), 2.28 (1.81-2.88), 3.71 (2.96-4.64) and 9.72 (7.09-13.32) for women respectively (p-trend <0.0001). CONCLUSION: Our data confirmed the adverse effects of long-term high bmi on an increased risk of hypertension in Thai people. Therefore, Ministry of Public Health should develop a national program to encourage people to remain healthy with a normal BMI. There are many health gains from such a program and the information presented here shows clearly that decreased hypertension would be one of the expected benefits for the Thai population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Mass Index and Risk of Hypertension: 8-Year Prospective Findings From a Nationwide Thai Cohort Study

Thawornchaisit¹,

Looze²,

Reid³

et al. 2019

GJHS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Data from population-based cohort studies demonstrate that overweight and obese adults who lose weight benefit from improvements in cardio-metabolic risk [5], [6] similar to the effects reported in weight loss trials [7]–[9]. Recent events in Cuba illustrate the dramatic reductions in diabetes incidence and mortality during a period of economic crisis that produced an average 5.5 kg weight loss over the whole population; which reversed just as dramatically when economic conditions improved and population weights rebounded [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Changes following Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study

et al. 2014

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BackgroundParticipation in weight loss programs is often associated with improved wellbeing alongside reduced cardio-metabolic risk. In contrast, population-based analyses have found no evidence of psychological benefits of weight loss, but this may be due to inclusion of healthy-weight individuals. We therefore examined cardio-metabolic and psychological changes following weight loss in a cohort of overweight/obese adults.MethodsData were from 1,979 overweight and obese adults (BMI ≥25 kg/m2; age ≥50 y), free of long-standing illness or clinical depression at baseline, from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Participants were grouped according to four-year weight change into those losing ≥5% weight, those gaining ≥5%, and those whose weight was stable within 5%. Logistic regression examined changes in depressed mood (eight-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression score ≥4), low wellbeing (Satisfaction With Life Scale score <20), hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or anti-hypertensives), and high triglycerides (≥1.7 mmol/l), controlling for demographic variables, weight loss intention, and baseline characteristics.ResultsThe proportion of participants with depressed mood increased more in the weight loss than weight stable or weight gain groups (+289%, +86%, +62% respectively; odds ratio [OR] for weight loss vs. weight stable = 1.78 [95% CI 1.29–2.47]). The proportion with low wellbeing also increased more in the weight loss group (+31%, +22%, −4%), but the difference was not statistically significant (OR = 1.16 [0.81–1.66]). Hypertension and high triglyceride prevalence decreased in weight losers and increased in weight gainers (−28%, 4%, +18%; OR = 0.61 [0.45–0.83]; −47%, −13%, +5%; OR = 0.41 [0.28–0.60]). All effects persisted in analyses adjusting for illness and life stress during the weight loss period.ConclusionsWeight loss over four years in initially healthy overweight/obese older adults was associated with reduction in cardio-metabolic risk but no psychological benefit, even when changes in health and life stresses were accounted for. These results highlight the need to investigate the emotional consequences of weight loss.

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“…(1-3) Conversely, weight loss among overweight and obese individuals has shown BP-lowering benefits. (4, 5) The mechanisms underlying these observations remain unclear. Recently, adipose tissue is characterized as an endocrine organ that produces a variety of biologically active compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Adiponectin and the Risk of Hypertension in White and Black Postmenopausal Women

et al. 2012

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Background Adiponectin may have a protective role in the development of obesity-related metabolic and vascular disorders including hypertension. We conducted a prospective, nested case-control study to investigate the relationship between baseline plasma adiponectin, measures of adiposity, and subsequent risk of hypertension. Methods We selected 400 White and 400 Black postmenopausal women, aged <70 years, who have developed incident hypertension during 5.9-year follow-up and an equal number of age and race matched controls in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. We measured plasma concentrations of total adiponectin in their baseline bloods. Results In crude matched models, plasma adiponectin was inversely associated with risk of hypertension among both White and Black women. The association appeared to be non-linear in White women but dose-related in Black women. Adjustment for lifestyle factors, measures of obesity, and obesity-related clinical factors attenuated these associations. The multivariable relative risks (95% confidence interval) of hypertension across increasing quartiles of plasma adiponectin were 1.00, 0.98 (0.66-1.46), 0.63 (0.41-0.97), and 0.92 (0.60-1.42) in White women (p, trend: 0.38) and 1.00, 0.96 (0.64-1.46), 0.83 (0.53-1.29), and 0.58 (0.36-0.94) in Black women (p, trend: 0.02). Further adjustment for inflammatory markers and endothelial markers eliminated the association in White, but not Black, women. Conclusions In this prospective, nested case-control study, we found an inverse association between plasma adiponectin and risk of hypertension in White and Black postmenopausal women. The reduced risk of hypertension was limited to intermediate levels of adiponectin in White women while was graded across quartiles of adiponectin in Black women.

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Weight Loss in Overweight Adults and the Long-term Risk of Hypertension

Abstract: A modest weight loss, particularly when sustained, substantially lowers the long-term risk of hypertension in overweight adults.

Cited by 95 publications

References 29 publications

Body Mass Index and Risk of Hypertension: 8-Year Prospective Findings From a Nationwide Thai Cohort Study

Body Mass Index and Risk of Hypertension: 8-Year Prospective Findings From a Nationwide Thai Cohort Study

Psychological Changes following Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study

Plasma Adiponectin and the Risk of Hypertension in White and Black Postmenopausal Women

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