Weight Status, Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, and Physical Fitness in Spanish Children and Adolescents: The Active Health Study

Manzano-Carrasco, Samuel; Felipe, José Luis; Sánchez-Sánchez, Javier; Hernandez-Martin, Antonio; Gallardo, Leonor; García-Unanue, Jorge

doi:10.3390/nu12061680

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Moreover, it was found, that overweight children, compared to peers with normal body weight, were characterised by weaker results in tests requiring propulsion or weight-lifting: horizontal jump, 10 × 5 m agility run and endurance shuttle run [ 66 ]. The above confirmation can also be found in the study conducted by [ 8 ] and [ 67 ], in which the participants with the highest performance in tests of physical condition (especially in terms of cardio-respiratory endurance) were people who were characterised by compliance with MD recommendations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Eating Behaviour and Physical Fitness in 10-Year-Old Children Attending General Education and Sports Classes

Ługowska

Kolanowski

Trafiałek

2020

IJERPH

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the body mass index (BMI), selected eating behaviour and physical fitness of children aged 10 years attending general education and sports classes in Siedlce. Subject children were 272 girls and boys mean aged 10.8-years attending general education (GC) and sports classes (SC). Survey questionnaires consisted of 18 questions about eating behaviour and physical activity. The BMI was determined for each child and compared with reference percentile charts. Eurofit testing was used to measure physical fitness. Increased physical fitness was positively correlated with beneficial eating behaviour among children. SC children showed significantly more frequent dietary intakes of milk, dairy products, poultry, fish, wholegrain bread, groats and vegetables when compared to GC ones. However, significantly more GC children ate red meat more frequently along with snacking on confectionery and savouries than SC ones. Most subjects fell within correct BMI percentile ranges. Underweight was more frequent in SC children at 12.85% than in GC children 9.88%. Overweight and obesity was most often observed in GC children (respectively 19.73% and 5.51%) compared to SC ones (respectively 14.37% and 3.8%). SC children achieved significantly better results in the Eurofit tests. The highest levels of physical fitness and most favourable BMIs and eating behaviour were observed more often among SC children than GC ones. The results confirmed the beneficial health effects of physical fitness for children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Eating Behaviour and Physical Fitness in 10-Year-Old Children Attending General Education and Sports Classes

Ługowska

Kolanowski

Trafiałek

2020

IJERPH

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“…In particular, the Mediterranean diet is the dietary pattern most recommended to reduce cardiovascular risk in different populations by some scientific societies, such as the European Society of Cardiology, the European Atherosclerosis Society, the Canadian cardiovascular society, and the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee, among others [ 60 ]. Specifically, in children, adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with a lower likelihood of presenting excess body weight and obesity [ 61 , 62 ]. In our study, the most consistent dietary pattern in children in SRS was related to a high consumption of energy-dense foods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clustering of Dietary Patterns and Lifestyles Among Spanish Children in the EsNuPI Study †

et al. 2020

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Dietary patterns (DPs) are known to be tied to lifestyle behaviors. Understanding DPs and their relationships with lifestyle factors can help to prevent children from engaging in unhealthy dietary practices. We aimed to describe DPs in Spanish children aged 1 to <10 years and to examine their associations with sociodemographic and lifestyle variables. The consumption of toddler and young children milk formulas, enriched and fortified milk within the Spanish pediatric population is increasing, and there is a lack of evidence whether the consumption of this type of milk is causing an impact on nutrient intakes and if they are helping to reach the nutrient recommendations. Within the Nutritional Study in the Spanish Pediatric Population (EsNuPI), we considered two study cohorts and three different age groups in three year-intervals in each of them. The study cohort included 740 children in a representative sample of the urban non-vegan Spanish population and 772 children in a convenience cohort of adapted milk consumers (AMS) (including follow-on formula, toddler’s milk, growing up milk, and fortified and enriched milks) who provided information about sociodemographics, lifestyle, and dietary habits; a food frequency questionnaire was used for the latter. Principal component analysis was performed to identify DPs from 18 food groups. Food groups and sociodemographic/lifestyle variables were combined through a hierarchical cluster algorithm. Three DPs predominated in every age group and study sample: a palatable energy-dense food dietary pattern, and two Mediterranean-like DPs. However, children from the AMS showed a predominant dietary pattern markedly related to the Mediterranean diet, with high consumption of cereals, fruits and vegetables, as well as milk and dairy products. The age of children and certain lifestyle factors, namely level of physical activity, parental education, and household income, correlated closely with the dietary clusters. Thus, the findings provide insight into designing lifestyle interventions that could reverse the appearance of unhealthy DPs in the Spanish child population.

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“…Nivel socioeconómico Se utilizó FAS III (Family Affluence Scale), habiendo sido validado para medir el NSE de los discentes (Hobza, Hamrik, Bucksch & De Clercq, 2017). Según Valencia-Peris, Devís-Devís y Peiró-Velert (2014), esta medida refleja los recursos materiales de la familia, es decir, los bienes específicos que pueden permitirse sus miembros con los ingresos familiares.…”

Section: Actividad Físicaunclassified

Adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea, Actividad Física y su relación con el Nivel Socioeconómico en escolares de Primaria de la capital de Granada (The relationship of Mediterranean diet adherence and Physical Activity engagement with Socioeconomic Status

Molina¹

2021

Retos

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En la adolescencia temprana se dan numerosas transformaciones y la adquisición de un estilo de vida saludable es trascendental para disminuir la aparición de enfermedades no transmisibles. Objetivo: analizar la relación entre la práctica de la actividad física (AF), la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (DM) y el nivel socioeconómico (NSE). Material y métodos: en esta investigación de diseño transversal participaron 112 escolares del tercer ciclo de Educación Primaria de la capital de Granada, recogiendo los datos a través de tres cuestionarios: PAQ-C, para medir la práctica de AF; KIDMED para medir la adherencia a la DM y FAS III para determinar el nivel socioeconómico familiar. Resultados: el 80% de la muestra necesita mejorar su alimentación, ya que solo dos de cada diez niños presenta una alta adherencia a la DM, obteniendo puntuaciones ligeramente más altas el grupo masculino. Los niños practicaron más AF que las niñas. Por otro lado, se reveló que la condición socioeconómica es un factor influyente en la práctica de la AF, siendo el NSE bajo el grupo más desfavorecido en este parámetro. Por último correlacionó positivamente la práctica de AF con la adherencia a la DM y el nivel socioeconómico. Conclusión: se denota la importancia de fomentar y mejorar tanto la práctica de AF como la adherencia al patrón dietético Mediterráneo, desde edades tempranas. Resulta de vital importancia la creación de programas de intervención que fomenten la adquisición de hábitos saludables y busquen el equilibrio entre las desigualdades socioeconómicas del alumnado. Abstract. A number of transitions occur during early adolescence that make the acquisition of healthy lifestyles transcendental for decreasing the onset of noncommunicable diseases. Objective: to analyse the relationship between the physical activity engagement (PA), Mediterranean diet adherence (MD) and socioeconomic status (SES).Material and methods: a cross-sectional research study was conducted involving 112 schoolchildren enrolled on the third year of primary education in Granada. Data was collected data through three questionnaires. The PAQ-C estimated physical activity engagement, the KIDMED estimated Mediterranean diet adherence and the FAS III determined family socioeconomic status. Results: 80% of participants need to improve their diet as only one fifth of participating children presented high Mediterranean diet adherence. Slightly higher scores were obtained in the male group, with males also engaging in more physical activity than females. Further, it was revealed that socioeconomic status is an influential factor in relation to physical activity engagement, with those with the lowest socioeconomic status having the least favourable indices for this parameter. Finally, physical activity engagement was positively correlated with Mediterranean diet adherence and socioeconomic status. Conclusion: present research highlights the importance of promoting and improving both PA engagement and adherence to Mediterranean dietary patterns from an early age. The development of intervention programmes that promote the acquisition of healthy habits and seek a balance between the socio-economic inequalities among students.

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Weight Status, Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, and Physical Fitness in Spanish Children and Adolescents: The Active Health Study

Cited by 30 publications

References 63 publications

Eating Behaviour and Physical Fitness in 10-Year-Old Children Attending General Education and Sports Classes

Eating Behaviour and Physical Fitness in 10-Year-Old Children Attending General Education and Sports Classes

Clustering of Dietary Patterns and Lifestyles Among Spanish Children in the EsNuPI Study †

Adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea, Actividad Física y su relación con el Nivel Socioeconómico en escolares de Primaria de la capital de Granada (The relationship of Mediterranean diet adherence and Physical Activity engagement with Socioeconomic Status

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