Weighted analysis of 2′-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, lacto-N-tetraose, 3′-sialyllactose, and 6′-sialyllactose concentrations in human milk

Conze, Dietrich B.; Krüger, Caroline; Symonds, Jennifer M; Lodder, Robert; Schönknecht, Yannik B; Ho, Manki; Derya, Sami M.; Parkot, Julia; Parschat, Katja

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2022.112877

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The levels and distribution of HMOs vary widely from woman to woman but also for a single woman according to the duration of lactation and many other variables (such as regional, seasonal etc.) 5 , 27 , 28 . Conze et al 27 performed a weighted analysis of 2′-FL, 3′- FL, LNT, 3′-SL, and 6′-SL concentrations in human milk from previously published reports and reported the following median (± standard deviation) levels: for 2’-FL: 2.56 ± 0.054 (IQR 1.14–3.89 g/L), for 3’-FL a median of 0.32 ± 0.045 (IQR 0.057–1.1 g/L), for LNT 0.82 ± 0.0057 (IQR 0.35–1.5 g/L), for 3’-SL 0.23 ± 0.0018 (IQR 0.10–0.42 g/L) and for 6’-SL 0.33 ± 0.003 (IQR 0.09–0.54 g/L) 27 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional effects of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs)

et al. 2023

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Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third most important solid component in human milk and act in tandem with other bioactive components. Individual HMO levels and distribution vary greatly between mothers by multiple variables, such as secretor status, race, geographic region, environmental conditions, season, maternal diet, and weight, gestational age and mode of delivery. HMOs improve the gastrointestinal barrier and also promote a bifidobacterium-rich gut microbiome, which protects against infection, strengthens the epithelial barrier, and creates immunomodulatory metabolites. HMOs fulfil a variety of physiologic functions including potential support to the immune system, brain development, and cognitive function. Supplementing infant formula with HMOs is safe and promotes a healthy development of the infant revealing benefits for microbiota composition and infection prevention. Because of limited data comparing the effect of non-human oligosaccharides to HMOs, it is not known if HMOs offer an additional clinical benefit over non-human oligosaccharides. Better knowledge of the factors influencing HMO composition and their functions will help to understand their short- and long-term benefits.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional effects of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs)

et al. 2023

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“…A study conducted in the Gambia ( 55 ) reported that higher concentrations of HMOS were observed in the dry season than during the wet season. However, this relationship was likely to be influenced by dietary intake, since food availability is more limited during the wet season ( 31 ). Thus, we were interested in investigating whether changes in maternal dietary intake was associated with HMOS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The literature examining relationships between maternal dietary intake and HMOS is somewhat limited. Several studies have investigated overall dietary patterns ( 33 , 34 ), whereas other investigated relationships with specific dietary components ( 31 , 32 ). Azad and coworkers ( 13 ) utilized the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), which measures diet quality based on adherence to the United States Dietary Guidelines for Americans ( 56 ) to investigate whether maternal intake during pregnancy was associated with HMOS, but no clear evidence of its influence on HMOS profile was uncovered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentrations of the major HMOS have been determined in secretor and non-secretor donor’s milk at different stages of lactation ( 30 ). For example, average values of the concentrations of 2′-FL, 3-FL, LNT, 3′-SL, and 6′-SL have been calculated from the published data by weighted analysis ( 31 ). However, HMO profiles are highly variable between mothers within and across populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of human milk oligosaccharides profiles of participants in the STRONG kids 2 cohort

Fan

Vinjamuri

et al. 2023

Front. Nutr.

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IntroductionHuman milk oligosaccharides (HMOS) are indigestible carbohydrates that support infant development by establishing a healthy microbiota, preventing infectious diseases, and promoting immune and cognitive development. Individual HMOS have distinct functions based on their chemical structures. HMO profiles can vary largely among mothers, but the research on factors other than genetic background affecting HMO composition are limited.MethodsIn the present analysis, we examined the relationships between maternal characteristics and the HMO profiles of breastfeeding mothers (n = 392) in the STRONG kids 2 with the following demographic characteristics: average age: 30.8 y, 74.5% White, and 75.5% exclusively breastfeeding. Human milk samples were collected at 6 weeks postpartum and maternal information was obtained from self-reported surveys. Information on dietary intake changes since the participants have been breastfeeding was collected. HMO profiles were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and secretor status was determined by the presence of four secretor markers [2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), LNFP I, LDFT, and TFLNH]. Spearmen correlation test was utilized to determine the relationships between individual HMOS and associations with maternal factors. Between-group differences in HMO relative abundances were examined with Kruskal-Wallis test.ResultsAmong all participants, 71.9% were secretors and 28.1% were non-secretors. The relative abundances of all HMOS differed (p < 0.05) by secretor status, with the exception for 6′-SL and 3′-SL. Positive correlations were observed among HMOS with similar structures, such as the 1,2-fucosylated HMOS. The abundances of selected HMOS were associated with maternal body weight, pregnancy complications, and dietary characteristics. Based on pre-pregnancy BMI, in all mothers, relative abundance of 3′-SL was significantly higher in overweight mothers than obese mothers (p = 0.013). In milk produced by non-secretor mothers, LNPF I + III abundances were greater in overweight than normal weight mothers (p = 0.020). Several HMO abundances were found to be associated with Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Variations of HMO abundances were also observed with dietary food intake. In all mothers, egg consumption was positively correlated with LNT + LNnT (R = 0.13; p = 0.012) and cheese intake was positively associated with 2′-FL (R = 0.10; p = 0.046) and S-LNnH II (R = 0.11; p = 0.026) abundances.DiscussionHMO profiles were found to be associated with maternal characteristics and intake. Future research will investigate associations between HMOS and maternal and infant outcomes.

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“…The mean levels for each of these HMOs are roughly 2.6 g/L for 2’-FL, 0.6 g/L for 3-FL, 0.3 g/L for 3’-SL, 0.4 g/L for 6’-SL, and 0.9 g/L for LNT. However, the levels of each vary depending on gestational age, lactation stage, the mother’s health, genetics, and environmental factors 152 , 153 . Since 2’-FL is the most abundant HMO, found in levels up to 10 g/L of human milk, it is the most studied to date.…”

Section: Prevention and Treatment Of Necmentioning

confidence: 99%

Necrotizing enterocolitis, gut microbes, and sepsis

et al. 2023

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Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease in premature infants and the leading cause of death and disability from gastrointestinal disease in this vulnerable population. Although the pathophysiology of NEC remains incompletely understood, current thinking indicates that the disease develops in response to dietary and bacterial factors in the setting of a vulnerable host. As NEC progresses, intestinal perforation can result in serious infection with the development of overwhelming sepsis. In seeking to understand the mechanisms by which bacterial signaling on the intestinal epithelium can lead to NEC, we have shown that the gram-negative bacterial receptor toll-like receptor 4 is a critical regulator of NEC development, a finding that has been confirmed by many other groups. This review article provides recent findings on the interaction of microbial signaling, the immature immune system, intestinal ischemia, and systemic inflammation in the pathogenesis of NEC and the development of sepsis. We will also review promising therapeutic approaches that show efficacy in pre-clinical studies.

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Weighted analysis of 2′-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, lacto-N-tetraose, 3′-sialyllactose, and 6′-sialyllactose concentrations in human milk

Cited by 12 publications

References 101 publications

Functional effects of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs)

Functional effects of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs)

Determinants of human milk oligosaccharides profiles of participants in the STRONG kids 2 cohort

Necrotizing enterocolitis, gut microbes, and sepsis

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