Weitere Untersuchungen �ber Farbanpassung bei Oedaleus decorus

Ergene, Saadet

doi:10.1007/bf00298311

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…For instance, for grasshoppers four types of color change have been recorded: greenbrown morph switching, color pattern changes, hue shifting and blackening (Rowell 1972). While color pattern has often been found to be determined mostly by genes and maternal effects (Karlsson et al 2009, Forsman 2011, Karpestam et al 2012b), hue variation is thought to be driven to a great extent by an adaptive plasticity response to environmental cues, as the new overall color tends to match that of the subject's surroundings (Ergene 1955, Yerushalmi and Pener 2001, Valverde and Schielzeth 2015. There is also evidence of blackening in response to temperature and exposure to solar radiation as well as dark substrates (Forsman 2011, Karpestam et al 2012a, Valverde and Schielzeth 2015.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic plasticity in color without molt in adult grasshoppers of the genus Sphingonotus (Acrididae: Oedipodinae)

Peralta-Rincón¹,

Escudero²,

Edelaar³

2017

JOR

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Homochromy (i.e. that individuals have a similar color as their environment) is frequent in grasshoppers, and probably functions to reduce detection by potential predators. Nymphs of several soil-perching grasshopper species are known to show color changes during development that increase homochromy, with color being determined with each molt. While this is well documented for young individuals, the only color change in response to the environment that has been recorded for adult grasshoppers of these species is an overall darkening of the individual when exposed to dark surfaces. Whether grasshoppers can also adaptively change color hue is relevant for our understanding of the evolution of locally adapted crypsis. We therefore exposed two groups of adult grasshoppers to a bluishgray substrate or a reddish-brown substrate, and recorded their color over time. Quantitative digital image analysis showed that adult soil-perching grasshoppers remained capable of adapting to changes in the color of their surroundings through a plastic response. Compared to nymphs, the changes are not as strong and much slower. We suggest that color change in adults occurs through the ongoing deposition of melanins, with eumelanin making individuals more bluish-gray and pheomelanin making individuals more reddish-brown. The fact that color change is possible but slow supports that other mechanisms, such as habitat choice or selective predation, may also play a role in adapting local populations to substrate color. In addition, the ability of these grasshoppers to produce different melanins in response to the environment supports a previous suggestion that they might be useful in the future development of animal models to study melanin-related diseases like melanoma and Parkinson´s disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic plasticity in color without molt in adult grasshoppers of the genus Sphingonotus (Acrididae: Oedipodinae)

Peralta-Rincón¹,

Escudero²,

Edelaar³

2017

JOR

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“…In other species, differences in colour are more continuous such as with colouration of species in the genus Oedipoda . Such fine-scaled variation seems to be partly under genetic, partly under environmental control [ 15 , 16 , 33 ]. Many species also show occasional pinkish, purple, yellow or blue colour morphs [ 34 ], further illustrating the diversity of colour in orthopterans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Percentages reflect amount of individuals from the total amount in any given category – matched or non-matched – which switched colour, therefore they are not expected to add up to 100 %. Most studies used low densities of individuals (≤5) per cage, but one study ([ 33 ]) housed up to 10 individual per cage. NA = information not available…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What triggers colour change? Effects of background colour and temperature on the development of an alpine grasshopper

Valverde

Schielzeth

2015

BMC Evol Biol

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BackgroundColour polymorphisms are a fascinating facet of many natural populations of plants and animals, and the selective processes that maintain such variation are as relevant as the processes which promote their development. Orthoptera, the insect group that encompasses grasshoppers and bush crickets, includes a particularly large number of species that are colour polymorphic with a marked green-brown polymorphism being particularly widespread. Colour polymorphism has been associated with the need for crypsis and background matching and background-dependent homochromy has been described in a few species. However, when and how different environmental conditions influence variation in colour remains poorly understood. Here we test for effects of background colour and ambient temperature on the occurrence of colour morph switches (green to brown or brown to green) and developmental darkening in the alpine dwelling club-legged grasshopper Gomphocerus sibiricus.ResultsWe monitored individually housed nymphae across three of their four developmental stages and into the first week after final ecdysis. Our data show an absence of colour morph switches in G. sibiricus, without a single switch observed in our sample. Furthermore, we test for an effect of temperature on colouration by manipulating radiant heat, a limiting factor in alpine habitats. Radiant heat had a significant effect on developmental darkening: individuals under low radiant heat tended to darken, while individuals under high radiant heat tended to lighten within nymphal stages. Young imagoes darkened under either condition.ConclusionsOur results indicate a plastic response to a variable temperature and indicate that melanin, a multipurpose pigment responsible for dark colouration and presumed to be costly, seems to be strategically allocated according to the current environmental conditions. Unlike other orthopterans, the species is apparently unable to switch colour morphs (green/brown) during development, suggesting that colour morphs are determined genetically (or very early during development) and that other processes have to contribute to crypsis and homochromy in this species.

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“…Other studies in Gomphocerine grasshoppers also suggest a highly heritable basis ( Pseudochorthippus parallelus , Köhler & Renker 2006, Chorthippus dorsatus , own unpublished data). Outside the Gomphocerinae, there are a number of cases, in which the green-brown polymorphisms is phenotypically plastic such as in Schistocerca (Cyrtacanthacridinae), Acrida (Acridinae), and Oedaleus (Oedipodinae) (Hertz & Imms 1937; Ergene 1950; Ergene 1955; Rowell & Cannis 1971; Tanaka 2004; Tanaka, Harano & Nishide 2012) as well as a central American species of Gomphocerinae ( Rhammatocerus , Lecoq & Pierozzi 1996). I am not aware of any study on the inheritance of the green-brown polymorphism in Ensifera, but own observations show that the subtropical Mecopoda elongata (Mecopodinae) is able to switch between green and brown states during ontogeny.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic, geographic and habitat distribution of the green-brown polymorphism in European orthopterans

Schielzeth

2020

Preprint

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The green-brown polymorphism among polyneopteran insects represents one of the most penetrant color polymorphism in any group of organisms. Yet systematic overviews are lacking. I here present analyses of the phylogenetic, geographic and habitat distribution of the green-brown polymorphisms across the complete European Orthopteran fauna. Overall, 30% of European Orthopterans are green-brown polymorphic (36% when excluding crickets and cave crickets). Polymorphic species are scattered across the entire phylogenetic tree, including roughly equal proportions of Ensifera and Caelifera. Some taxonomic groups, however, include only brown species. Polymorphic species occur more frequently in clades that contain green species than in those without green species. The relative abundance of color morphs in polymorphic species is skewed towards green, and in particular rare/exceptional brown morphs are more common in predominantly green species than rare/exceptional green morphs in predominantly brown species. Polymorphic species are particularly common in moist to mesic grasslands. Alpine and arboreal habitats also host high proportions of polymorphic species, while dry, open, rocky and cave habitats as well as nocturnal lifestyles are dominated by brown species. The proportion of polymorphic species increases from southern to northern latitudes. The results show that the occurrence of the polymorphisms is phylogenetically, geographically and ecologically widespread. The patterns suggest that polymorphic populations might arise from green species by loss-of-function mutations, and the overall distributions is possibly even consistent with mutation-selection balance. This would imply a rather high rate of loss of the functional green pigmentation pathway. However, marked habitat-dependencies also show that coloration is affected by natural selection and/or environmental filtering.

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Weitere Untersuchungen �ber Farbanpassung bei Oedaleus decorus

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Phenotypic plasticity in color without molt in adult grasshoppers of the genus Sphingonotus (Acrididae: Oedipodinae)

Phenotypic plasticity in color without molt in adult grasshoppers of the genus Sphingonotus (Acrididae: Oedipodinae)

What triggers colour change? Effects of background colour and temperature on the development of an alpine grasshopper

Phylogenetic, geographic and habitat distribution of the green-brown polymorphism in European orthopterans

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