Weitere Untersuchungen über den Energieverbrauch beim Ernten

Metabolic energy cost of workers in agriculture, construction, manufacturing, tourism, and transportation industries

“…Indirect calorimetry was employed as an EC assessment method in a total of 44 studies as follows: 14 studies in agriculture22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35 ) , 5 studies in construction36,37,38,39,40 ) , 14 studies in manufacturing23, 41, 42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51 ) (some papers include more than one study), and 13 studies in transportation22, 52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63 ) . The heart rate monitoring method was used to assess workers’ EC in 10 studies as follows: one study in the tourism industry64 ) , seven studies in the manufacturing industry65,66,67,68,69,70,71 ) , and two studies in the transportation industry72, 73 ) .…”

“…The EC data of all the relevant tasks appear in an Appendix. Given that the physical characteristics of job types included in some NACE codes were overlapping, the data from all studies assessing EC in these jobs were merged to provide a single EC (Table 2).(i) Manufacture of food products (C10)/ Manufacture of beverages (C11)/ Manufacture of tobacco products (C12)(ii) Manufacture of textiles (C13)/ Manufacture of wearing apparel (C14)/ Manufacture of leather and related products (C15)The EC of 51 workers is reported for several tasks in textile manufacturing including textile cutting, machine sewing, hand sewing and pressing5 ) , cloth cutting and inspecting, dyeing, washing-padding, weaving, creeling, counting yarns, warping, delivering and collecting boxes, spinning, walking28 ) , leather shoe manufacturing and repairing43 ) . The data from all tasks were merged to provide a single EC (Table 2).(iii) Manufacture of wearing of products of wood and cork, except furniture; manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting materials (C16)Durnin and Passmore31 ) report the EC of workers for several tasks in wood manufacturing including carpenter assembling and finishing, cabinet maker, laminating machine operator, milling machine operator, sanding machine operator, spray painter, wood stainer and packaging.…”

“…The tasks included in this NACE code correspond to the job types assessed in 16 studies4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18 ) which monitored a total of 230 male and 155 female workers. The EC is reported for many tasks including weeding, mowing wheat, ploughing and threshing4,5,6, 18 ) , working with axe, milking by hand/machine, ploughing, grass cutting, hoeing, load carrying, cutting cane, cotton harvesting, tending animals, seeding, spraying and mowing7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14, 18 ) , tractor driving, potato/orange picking, weeding, seeding, forking grass, harvesting, planting shoveling, plowing and spraying15, 16 ) , as well as grape-picking17 ) . The EC data of all the aforementioned tasks appear in an Appendix and were averaged to provide a single sex-specific EC for this NACE code (Table 2…”

“…This sector is divided into 24 NACE codes (C10–C33) corresponding to the job types assessed in 23 studies5, 24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42 ) which monitored a total of 839 male and female workers. The EC data of all the relevant tasks appear in an Appendix.…”

“…The EC of 51 workers is reported for several tasks in textile manufacturing including textile cutting, machine sewing, hand sewing and pressing5 ) , cloth cutting and inspecting, dyeing, washing-padding, weaving, creeling, counting yarns, warping, delivering and collecting boxes, spinning, walking28 ) , leather shoe manufacturing and repairing43 ) . The data from all tasks were merged to provide a single EC (Table 2).…”