In the framework of this work research has been carried out to obtain current data on the potential of post weld treatment (PWT) since new PWT technologies appeared in the last years, and the older technologies have been improved. The economy of post-welding treatments is illustrated by means of a numerical example of a simply supported welded I-beam loaded in bending by a pair of pulsating forces. The vertical stiffeners are welded to the I-beam upper flange by double fillet welds, which cause a significant decrease of fatigue stress range. This low fatigue stress range is improved by various post-welding treatments. Based on the published experimental data, it is possible to determine the measure of the increase of the fatigue stress range as well as the required treatment time for grinding, TIG dressing, hammer peening and ultrasonic impact treatment. This article provides an overview of current PWT methods and the possible improvement in fatigue strength. Furthermore, optimization of a welded I-beam has been conducted to reduce the fabrication cost. The data from the research in the form of increase in fatigue strength and application speed were included in this optimization. The treatment time is included into the cost function, and the improved fatigue stress range is considered in the fatigue constraint. The comparison of costs for optimum structural versions with and without treatments shows the economy of different treatment methods. This comparison helps designers to consider the applicability of PWT and the select the best available.