Welded silver nanowire networks as high-performance transparent conductive electrodes: Welding techniques and device applications

Ding, Yanan; Cui, Youchao; Liu, Xuhai; Liu, Guoxia; Shan, Fukai

doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2020.100634

Cited by 60 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…Many studies have reported that after deposition of AgNWs, the nanowire-nanowire contact resistance can still be high, due to the lack of intimate contacts and the potential presence of the PVP layer or organic residues. Ding et al recently summarized post-deposition treatments used for reducing this contact resistance, including thermal treatment, capillaryforced induced cold-welding or mechanical pressing [60]. These techniques can drastically reduce the electrical resistance of the network.…”

Section: Effects Of Thermal Treatment On Electrical Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver Nanowire Networks: Ways to Enhance Their Physical Properties and Stability

et al. 2021

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Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks have been intensively investigated in recent years. Thanks to their attractive physical properties in terms of optical transparency and electrical conductivity, as well as their mechanical performance, AgNW networks are promising transparent electrodes (TE) for several devices, such as solar cells, transparent heaters, touch screens or light-emitting devices. However, morphological instabilities, low adhesion to the substrate, surface roughness and ageing issues may limit their broader use and need to be tackled for a successful performance and long working lifetime. The aim of the present work is to highlight efficient strategies to optimize the physical properties of AgNW networks. In order to situate our work in relation to existing literature, we briefly reported recent studies which investigated physical properties of AgNW networks. First, we investigated the optimization of optical transparency and electrical conductivity by comparing two types of AgNWs with different morphologies, including PVP layer and AgNW dimensions. In addition, their response to thermal treatment was deeply investigated. Then, zinc oxide (ZnO) and tin oxide (SnO2) protective films deposited by Atmospheric Pressure Spatial Atomic Layer Deposition (AP-SALD) were compared for one type of AgNW. We clearly demonstrated that coating AgNW networks with these thin oxide layers is an efficient approach to enhance the morphological stability of AgNWs when subjected to thermal stress. Finally, we discussed the main future challenges linked with AgNW networks optimization processes.

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Section: Effects Of Thermal Treatment On Electrical Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver Nanowire Networks: Ways to Enhance Their Physical Properties and Stability

et al. 2021

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“…[82] Such high sheet resistance is much inferior to that of commercial ITO films (≈10 Ω sq −1 ), and thus cannot meet the requirement of practical applications. [83] Reducing the number of junctions by employing high-aspectratio (length to diameter ratio, L/D) nanowires is an effective approach to decreasing the contact resistance and increasing the optical transmittance. [84][85][86][87][88] The increase of nanowire length (L) elongates continuous conductive pathways, [89] while finer nanowires (i.e., lower D) shades less incident light, resulting in higher optical transmittance.…”

Section: Metal-based-flexible Transparent Electrodes Made Of Metal Nanowiresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal‐Based Flexible Transparent Electrodes: Challenges and Recent Advances

Zhang

Zheng

2021

Adv Elect Materials

111

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nanotubes [CNTs] and graphene), and metal-based materials are superior to ITO in the mechanical flexibility and the potential for roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacture. [16,17] Yet, a common drawback of FTEs made of conducting polymers, CNTs, and graphene is the inferior electrical conductivity. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Po l y ( 3 , 4 -e t h y l e n e d i o x y t h i o p h e n e )poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is one of the most widely used conducting polymers. PEDOT:PSS shows the lowest cost among various transparent electrode materials, [25] but the low intrinsic conductivity, poor environmental stability (upon exposure to high temperature, high humidity, or UV irradiation), and self-emission of blue/green tinge limit its applications in flexible optoelectronics. [1,26] Whereas individual CNT and graphene may exhibit excellent conductivity, thin films made of multijunctional assembly of these nanomaterials show high contact resistance at the junctions. [27,28] The surface defects and polycrystallinity of these carbon materials, which are difficult to eliminate, further decrease the conductivity. [28][29][30][31][32][33] On the other hand, metals possess the highest electrical conductivity among all kinds of materials. [34] Thin and surface-structured metal electrodes are optically transparent and mechanically flexible. The combinatorial attributes of high conductivity, tunable transmittance, and engineerable flexibility make metal-based materials the most promising candidates for FTEs. [3,35] To date, there are three major types of metal-based FTEs (m-FTEs), including ultrathin metal films, metal nanowire networks, and metal meshes. Each type of m-FTEs shows unique advantages and critical challenges toward large-scale applications as summarized in Figure 1.This article discusses the characteristics and major challenges of each type of m-FTEs, and reviews their research advances in recent years. It then discusses the ability to achieve scalable production of these m-FTEs from the point of view of materials choice and fabrication technology. Finally, it provides perspectives on the transition from lab study to industry fabrication of m-FTEs in the future. Metal-Based-Flexible Transparent Electrodes Made of Ultrathin Metal FilmsUltrathin and homogeneous metal (such as Ag, Au, Cu, or Al) films with a thickness of 10-20 nm exhibit good electrical Flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) with high optical transmittance, low sheet resistance, and high flexibility are critical and indispensable components of emerging flexible optoelectronic devices. Indium tin oxide (ITO), the major transparent conductive material used for optoelectronics nowadays, is not suitable for flexible applications because of its brittleness. In the past decade, researchers have developed a wide variety of new transparent conductive materials to replace ITO, among which metal-based FTEs (m-FTEs) including ultrathin metal films, metal nanowire networks, and metal meshes appear to be particularly promising. In this review, the authors summarize ...

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“…As far as I know, nanonetworks are formed by welding the intersections of nanowires or nanotubes, and the intersections after welding are usually called nanojunctions 35 , 36 . During the welding process, a large number of atoms are deposited at the nanojunctions, thereby increasing the mass of the nanojunctions, and generally the size of the nanojunction increases with increase of the number of intersecting nanowires or nanotubes at nanojunction 37 – 39 . In complex networks, nanojunctions are analogous to network nodes, and the number of nanowires crossing at nanojunctions can be regarded as nodes degree.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulating heat conduction of complex networks by distributed nodes masses

Xiong

Yan

Xie

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Developing efficient strategy to regulate heat conduction is a challenging problem, with potential implication in the field of thermal materials. We here focus on a potential thermal material, i.e. complex networks of nanowires and nanotubes, and propose a model where the mass of each node is assigned proportional to its degree with $$m_i\sim k_i^{\alpha }$$ m i ∼ k i α , to investigate how distributed nodes masses can impact the heat flow in a network. We find that the heat conduction of complex network can be either increased or decreased, depending on the controlling parameter $$\alpha$$ α . Especially, there is an optimal heat conduction at $$\alpha =1$$ α = 1 and it is independent of network topologies. Moreover, we find that the temperature distribution within a complex network is also strongly influenced by the controlling parameter $$\alpha$$ α . A brief theoretical analysis is provided to explain these results. These findings may open up appealing applications in the cases of demanding either increasing or decreasing heat conduction, and our approach of regulating heat conduction by distributed nodes masses may be also valuable to the challenge of controlling waste heat dissipation in highly integrated and miniaturized modern devices.

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Welded silver nanowire networks as high-performance transparent conductive electrodes: Welding techniques and device applications

Cited by 60 publications

References 149 publications

Silver Nanowire Networks: Ways to Enhance Their Physical Properties and Stability

Silver Nanowire Networks: Ways to Enhance Their Physical Properties and Stability

Metal‐Based Flexible Transparent Electrodes: Challenges and Recent Advances

Regulating heat conduction of complex networks by distributed nodes masses

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