Welding Characteristics of 40 kHz Ultrasonic Plastic Welding System Using Fundamental and Higher-Resonance-Frequency Vibrations

Abstract

We construct a kink solution on a non-BPS D-brane using Berkovits' formulation of superstring field theory in the level truncation scheme. The tension of the kink reproduces 95% of the expected BPS D-brane tension. We also find a lump-like solution which is interpreted as a kink-antikink pair, and investigate some of its properties. These results may be considered as successful tests of Berkovits' superstring field theory combined with the modified level truncation scheme.

Welding characteristics of 27, 40 and 67 kHz ultrasonic plastic welding systems using fundamental- and higher-resonance frequencies

“…The area welded using a combined driving voltage including higher resonance frequency is larger than that using lower resonance frequency. The welded area obtained using the 67 kHz equipment are largest compared with former data using the 27 and 40 kHz equipments under the same combined driving voltage [5,6].…”

“…In the cases of 27 and 40 kHz systems, the welded area increased to about three or four times but the obtained areas and strengths welded using the 67 kHz system were larger than these welded using the 27 and 40 kHz [5,6]. (4) The welded area obtained using the 67 kHz equipment are largest compared with former data using the 27 and 40 kHz equipments under the same combined driving voltage [5,6]. The welded area using a combined driving voltage including higher resonance frequency is larger than that using lower resonance frequency.…”

“…The welded areas and at fundamental and two higher resonance frequencies increased up to about 2 times that of the case in which only the fundamental frequency was driven. In the cases of 27 and 40 kHz systems, the welded area increased to about three or four times but the obtained areas and strengths welded using the 67 kHz system were larger than these welded using the 27 and 40 kHz [5,6]. (4) The welded area obtained using the 67 kHz equipment are largest compared with former data using the 27 and 40 kHz equipments under the same combined driving voltage [5,6].…”

“…2. The 67 kHz vibration system has a BLT transducer with four PZT disks of 30 mm diameter (0.4 longitudinal wavelength k) and a similar configuration with the total vibration velocity transform ratio N T (8.0) to that of the 40 kHz vibration system in order to compare their welding characteristics [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The conventional design criteria length is under 0:25k in diameter.…”

“…Using the 27 and 40 kHz welding equipments, it has been shown that its welding characteristics were significantly improved using the fundamental and higher frequencies simultaneously [5,6]. Therefore, much improvement may be expected using a higher-frequency (67 kHz) welding system that has higher resonance frequencies.…”