Welding Consumable Developments in the Aftermath of the Northridge Earthquake

Kotecki, D. J.; Narayanan, Badri

doi:10.1007/bf03266464

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The results obtained by this method can be converted into display values of the method mercury according to the associations described in the literature 17,19,20 .…”

Section: Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of underwater local cavity welding method conditions on diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal

Fydrych

2013

Welding International

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One of the methods with great potential for applications in underwater repairs is local cavity welding. In local cavity method, cooling conditions and diffusible hydrogen amount in weld metal are nearly the same as those existed during welding in the air. This paper presents the results of literature survey and preliminary tests of the effect of local cavity welding conditions on diffusible hydrogen amount in a deposited metal. A Plackett -Burman design was applied to screen seven parameters: thickness of elastic cover, stick-out of electrode wire, welding current, voltage, travel speed of welding, salinity of water, and flow rate of shielding gas.

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“…The results obtained by this method can be converted into display values of the method mercury according to the associations described in the literature 17,19,20 .…”

Section: Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The content of diffusible hydrogen has been determined using the glycerine method according to the standard procedure 17,18 . The results obtained by this method can be converted into display values of the method mercury according to the associations described in the literature 17,19,20 .…”

Section: Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of underwater local cavity welding method conditions on diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal

Fydrych

2013

Welding International

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“…The base metal used in the present study is often described as a ferritic or ferritic/ martensitic stainless steel since it includes both ferrite and martensite in the structure. Referring to Balmforth and Lippold diagram 4,13 and depending on the chemical composition of the base metal, the steel used here consists of 70% ferrite and 30% martensite. When chromium equivalents of approximately 20?1 and 11?5 and nickel equivalents of 19?5 and 7?1 for welds A and B respectively are calculated using all weld metal chemical composition data, the representative point is situated in the middle up part of the diagram which is in austenitezmartensitezferrite region.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A series of studies describing the research and the use of 3Cr12 steel in various applications can be found in the literature. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Although 3Cr12 has excellent corrosion resistance in many environments, its weldability is limited. In the early 1990s, the second generation of this steel, namely 5Cr12 has been modified to give better toughness, but weldability remained limited due to the carbon content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Submerged arc welding of thick ferritic martensitic 12Cr stainless steel with a variety of consumables

Taban¹,

Deleu²,

Dhooge³

et al. 2008

Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

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Modified X2CrNi12 stainless steel, conforming to EN 1?4003 and UNS S41003 grades, has been designed with less carbon (,0?015%) and impurities to improve the weldability and mechanical properties. The present paper deals with submerged arc welding (SAW) of 30 mm thick plates of this steel with austenitic and duplex stainless steel consumables. Several samples extracted from the welded joints were subjected to mechanical testing by means of tensile, bend, Charpy impact and crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) fracture toughness tests. Microstructural examination including grain size analysis, hardness and ferrite measurements was carried out. Salt spray and blister tests as corrosion testing were applied. Considering all data obtained, it can be recommended to use austenitic filler metals as an economic alternative for SAW of this steel in the areas where impact is anticipated and adequate atmospheric corrosion resistance is needed since the weld made with austenitic wires exhibited very encouraging low temperature impact toughness properties related with finer grained microstructure and adequate strength and corrosion properties.

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“…Because no external shielding gas is used, strong nitride formers such as Al must be added in the weld metal (Killing, 1980;Kotecki and Narayanan, 2005). This induces a bainitic microstructure in the as-deposited weld metal and results in low impact toughness.…”

Section: Introdcuctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Heat Input Welding to Improve Impact Toughness of Multipass FCAW-S Weld Metal

Bang

Park

Jeong

2014

Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology

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Multipass self-shielded flux cored arc welding with different heat inputs (1.3-2.0 kJ/mm) was conducted to determine the effects of the heat input on the proportion of the reheated region, impact toughness, and diffusible hydrogen content in the weld IntrodcuctionSelf-shielded flux cored arc welding (FCAW-S) has advantages over semi-automatic welding processes by virtue of its self-shielding capability, which makes it especially suitable for site erection welding of structural steel, shipbuilding, and in constructing offshore oil production platforms (Keeler, 1981;Rodgers and Lochhead, 1987;Hesbrrok, 1993). Because no external shielding gas is used, strong nitride formers such as Al must be added in the weld metal (Killing, 1980;Kotecki and Narayanan, 2005). This induces a bainitic microstructure in the as-deposited weld metal and results in low impact toughness. As it is known that the reheating of the as-deposited weld metal by successive passes in multipass welding retransforms the brittle bainitic microstructure to the tough fine polygonal ferrite, research works (Dorling et al., 1978;Pisarski et al., 1987;Boniszewski, 1992) have been conducted to find out a suitable welding procedure to get a higher proportion of reheated region in the weld metal.Boniszewski (Boniszewski, 1992) reported that, when welded with a stringer bead technique, the proportion of reheated region becomes higher as travel speed becomes faster, i.e., heat input becomes lower. In contrast, Dorling and Rogerson (Dorling and Rogerson, 1982) reported that, when welded with a weaving technique, the proportion of reheated region becomes higher in higher heat input welding. This suggests that the effect of welding procedure, especially welding technique and heat input, on the proportion of the reheated region and thus the impact toughness of multipass FCAW-S weld metal is complicated.If low heat input welding is performed to get a higher proportion of reheated region, the possibility of hydrogen cracking in the weld metal should be concerned. Hydrogen cracking is one of the most serious welding problems and may result in expensive time consuming repair operations.Hydrogen cracking basically depends upon the following three factors: hydrogen content, residual stress, and hardness of the weld metal (Easterling, 1992). Among these three factors, low heat input welding especially influences following two factors: hydrogen content and hardness. Low heat input welding facilitates fast cooling of the weld metal, giving less time for the hydrogen to diffuse away from the weld metal, and easily hardening the weld metal. This implies that attention should be paid when low heat input welding is utilized to get a higher proportion of reheated region in the weld metal. However, studies on the effect of heat input on 540

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Welding Consumable Developments in the Aftermath of the Northridge Earthquake

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Effect of underwater local cavity welding method conditions on diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal

Effect of underwater local cavity welding method conditions on diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal

Submerged arc welding of thick ferritic martensitic 12Cr stainless steel with a variety of consumables

Low Heat Input Welding to Improve Impact Toughness of Multipass FCAW-S Weld Metal

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