Welding Metallurgy of Austenitic Stainless Steels

Folkhard, Erich

doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-8965-8_9

Cited by 79 publications

(119 citation statements)

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“…The equiaxed cellular dendritic region adjacent to fusion line primarily resulted from the low degree of constitutional super-cooling 4) in this location of the weld. The width of equiaxed cellular dendritic region observed in the GMA and P-GMA weld joints has been shown in Tables 6 and 7 respectively.…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 98%

“…In weld joints it has been assumed that the grain boundary thickening is a function of IGC attack to the sensitised grain boundary which results from the precipitation of significant amount of chromium carbide within a specific range of temperature (650-850°C) prevailing for sufficient time. 4) Thus, more grain boundary thickening in comparison with that observed in base metal may be considered to be primarily attributed to larger sensitisation of HAZ. During welding the weld thermal cycle with respect to the heating rate, peak temperature and cooling rate of different location of HAZ in reference to fusion line varies significantly affecting its extent of sensitisation.…”

Section: Inter Granular Corrosion (Igc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During welding of austenitic stainless steel the formation of chromium carbide, especially in HAZ lying in the temperature range 4) of about 650-850°C, adversely affects the corrosion properties of the weld joint. The reduction in formation of chromium carbide requires welding at low heat input.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulsed Current GMAW for Superior Weld Quality of Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheet

et al. 2007

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Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Inter Granular Corrosion (Igc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulsed Current GMAW for Superior Weld Quality of Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheet

et al. 2007

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“…The use of such a material may provide comparatively longer life with enhanced safety of any component requiring higher stress for a rapid crack propagation indicating more resistance to brittle fracture. [1][2][3][4][5] The austenitic stainless steel being a readily weldable material, the fabrication of its components and structures in various applications is largely carried out by using different welding processes and procedures. However, the quality of weld joints of this class of steel primarily depends upon thermal behavior of the welding processes employed with or without involvement of fluxes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These difficulties resulting from heterogeneity of weld get further compounded in case of heat-sensitive materials like austenitic stainless steel (ASS), especially of thick sections, due to its lower thermal conductivity and higher coefficient of thermal expansion in comparison to those observed in structural steel. [5][6][7][8] The considerably low thermal conductivity makes the HAZ of arc weld of ASS more prone to sensitization while its significantly high coefficient of thermal expansion develops considerable stresses in the weld. Hence the proper selection of welding process and procedure by considering efficient energy distribution in the welding arc leading to comparatively low heat built-up in the weld pool is imperative to reduce the amount of damage produced in different zones of weld joint due to heterogeneity in their properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Weld Characteristics by Variation in Welding Processes and Parameters in Joining of Thick Wall 304LN Stainless Steel Pipe

2008

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Various properties of weld joints of 25 mm thick wall 325 mm O.D, 304LN austenitic stainless steel pipe prepared by using different welding process and conventional V-groove as per AWS specification have been compared. The welding was carried out by commonly used shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and pulsed current gas metal arc welding (P-GMAW) processes. In P-GMAW process the influence of pulse parameters have been studied by considering their summarized influence defined by a dimensionless hypothetical factor fϭ[(I b /I p )f · t b ] where, t b ϭ[(1/f )Ϫt p ]. The characteristics of weld joints with respect to their metallurgical, mechanical, corrosion and fracture mechanics properties as well as residual stresses have been studied and compared. Welding of thick wall stainless steel pipe by P-GMAW process significantly improves the tensile properties, reduces the inclusion and porosity content, increases initiation fracture toughness and lowers residual stresses of weld joint in comparison to those observed of SMA and GMA weld joints. The influence of f on properties of P-GMA weld joints is primarily attributed to the reduction in severity of weld thermal cycle and refinement of microstructure of weld deposit.KEY WORDS: austenitic stainless steel; SMAW; GMAW; P-GMAW; pulse parameters; residual stresses; inter granular corrosion; microstructure; mechanical properties; fracture toughness. stainless steel requiring multipass weld deposition.In view of the above an effort has been made in the present investigation to carry out a comparative study on the characteristics of conventional V-groove welds of 304LN SS pipe prepared by using shielded metal arc (SMA), GMAW and P-GMAW processes. The P-GMA weld joints have been further compared by considering the influence of pulse parameters in reference to variation in f. The characteristics of weld joint have been analysed primarily with respect to the distribution of longitudinal and transverse residual stresses at the top and root of the weld joints and the microstructure of the weld and HAZ. In order to understand their utility the weld joints are also briefly characterised by studying their mechanical, fracture mechanics and corrosion properties. Experimentation Welding of PipesThe welding of 25 mm thick wall and 325 mm outer diameter AISI 304LN stainless steel pipe has been carried out using GTAW autogenously and in consecutive two root passes followed by filling passes using SMA, GMA and P-GMA welding processes at conventional V-groove confirming the ASME Section IX of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Schematic diagram of the weld groove as well as the consumable root insert used of matching composition with filler metal have been shown in Figs. 1(a) and 1(b) respectively. The multipass welding was performed by using appropriately designed welding procedure specifications (WPS) resulting in a practically sound weld with respect to lack of fusion. The welding was carried out in 1GR position by holding the pipes in a rotating table with t...

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A Novel Training‐Free Cast FeMnSiCrNi Shape Memory Alloy Based on Formation of Martensite in a Domain‐Specific Manner

et al. 2010

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The proposed key to producing a good shape memory effect in FeMnSi alloys is to reduce or even prevent the collisions between martensite bands. A method for realizing this is to make stress‐induced martensite bands form in a domain‐specific manner. We developed a novel training‐free cast Fe18Mn5.5Si9.5Cr4Ni alloy with residual lathy delta ferrite based on this idea. The recovery strain reached 6.4% only after annealing the cast Fe18Mn5.5Si9.5Cr4Ni alloy. Microstructure observations indicated that the lathy delta ferrite made the stress‐induced martensite form in a domain‐specific manner by first subdividing grains into smaller domains. We hypothesize that through adjusting alloy compositions, solidification parameters, and heat treatment technique, the shape recovery of cast FeMnSi alloys can be further improved. Such a finding will provide a novel method for developing training‐free FeMnSi shape memory alloys.

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Welding Metallurgy of Austenitic Stainless Steels

Cited by 79 publications

References 0 publications

Pulsed Current GMAW for Superior Weld Quality of Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheet

Pulsed Current GMAW for Superior Weld Quality of Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheet

Improvement of Weld Characteristics by Variation in Welding Processes and Parameters in Joining of Thick Wall 304LN Stainless Steel Pipe

A Novel Training‐Free Cast FeMnSiCrNi Shape Memory Alloy Based on Formation of Martensite in a Domain‐Specific Manner

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