Welding Techniques for High Entropy Alloys: Processes, Properties, Characterization, and Challenges

John, Merbin; Díaz, Orlando; Esparza, Andres; Fliegler, Aaron; Ocenosak, Derek; Dorn, Carson Van; Kuruveri, Udaya Bhat; Menezes, Pradeep L.

doi:10.3390/ma15062273

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Among the different synthesis methods, welding is an attractive option to fabricate bulk HEAs and to create complex structures and functional devices. The study of welded HEAs offers an opportunity to investigate the effect of welding parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of these materials [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. This research is focused on the detailed investigation of the microstructure and mechanical properties of a unique welded joint between the high-entropy alloy CrMnFeCoNi and iron.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation, Microstructure, and Properties of Dissimilar Welded Joint between CrMnFeCoNi and Fe

Ziewiec,

Błachowski,

Kąc

et al. 2023

Materials

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This research explores the welding process of a high-entropy MnCrNiFeCo alloy with iron, unraveling the intricate chemical compositions that materialize in distinct regions of the weld joint. A mid-wave infrared thermal camera was deployed to monitor the cooling sequences during welding. A thorough analysis of the metallographic sample from the weld joint, along with measurements taken using a nano-hardness indenter, provided insights into the hardness and Young’s modulus. The element distribution across the weld joint was assessed using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EDS spectrometer. Advanced techniques such as X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy underscored the prevalence of the martensitic phase within the weld joint, accompanied by the presence of bcc (iron) and fcc phases. In contrast, Young’s modulus in the base metal areas displayed typical values for a high-entropy alloy (202 GPa) and iron (204 GPa). The weld joint material displayed substantial chemical heterogeneity, leading to noticeable concentration gradients of individual elements. The higher hardness noted in the weld (up to 420 HV), when compared to the base metal regions (up to 290 HV for MnCrNiFeCo alloy and approximately 150 HV for iron), can be ascribed to the dominance of the martensitic phase. These findings provide valuable insights for scenarios involving diverse welded joints containing high-entropy alloys, contributing to our understanding of materials engineering.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation, Microstructure, and Properties of Dissimilar Welded Joint between CrMnFeCoNi and Fe

Ziewiec,

Błachowski,

Kąc

et al. 2023

Materials

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“…Merbin, J. 's, [8] article discusses fusion-based welding techniques, such as gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and laser beam welding (LBW), and solid-state welding techniques, such as friction stir welding (FSW) and explosive welding (EB), for a broad category of HEAs. In addition, the microstructural features and mechanical properties of HEAs welded using different techniques were explained for a broad spectrum of HEAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Simulation Study on Welding Characteristics and Parameters of Gas Metal Arc Welding for Q345qD Thick-Plate Steel

Zhang,

Li,

Yang

et al. 2023

Materials

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The welding and construction processes for H-type thick-plate bridge steel involve complex multi-pass welding processes, which make it difficult to ensure its welding performance. Accordingly, it is crucial to explore the inherent correlations between the welding process parameters and welding quality, and apply them to welding robots, eliminating the instability in manual welding. In order to improve welding quality, the GMAW (gas metal arc welding) welding process parameters are simulated, using the Q345qD bridge steel flat joint model. Four welds with X-shaped grooves are designed to optimize the parameters of the welding current, welding voltage, and welding speed. The optimal welding process parameters are investigated through thermal–elastic–plastic simulation analysis and experimental verification. The results indicate that, when the welding current is set to 230 A, the welding voltage to 32 V, and the welding speed to 0.003 m/s, the maximum deformation of the welded plate is 0.52 mm, with a maximum welding residual stress of 345 MPa. Both the simulation results of multi-pass welding, and the experimental tests meet the welding requirements, as they show no excessive stress or strain. These parameters can be applied to building large steel-frame bridges using welding robots, improving the quality of welded joints.

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“…Fatigue, corrosion, and wear account for over 80% of mechanical failures [1]. These failures depend on the surface microstructure and surface properties rather than bulk properties [2], hence it is always recommended to provide superior surface integrity and surface mechanical properties for mechanical components that operate in dynamic and challenging environments [3][4][5][6]. Tremendous research has been put forward to develop mechanical components that can provide superior surface integrity and surface mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Cladding-Based Surface Modification of Carbon Steel and High-Alloy Steel for Extreme Condition Applications

2022

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Laser cladding (LC) is a laser-based surface modification technique widely adopted to develop a thin coating or remanufacture worn-out mechanical components that work in extreme conditions. LC helps to generate superior surface properties and surface integrity on the substrate surface, improving the service life. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the LC process, different powder feeding methods, and the uniqueness of LC over other coating techniques. More specifically, the current state-of-the-art of the LC process on carbon steel and high-alloy steel-based mechanical components operating in diverse industries was elucidated. Furthermore, the effect of LC processes on mechanical properties such as wear, corrosion and fatigue properties are discussed. In addition, the LC process’s influence on microstructural features and microstructural modifications is explained. Finally, this study explores some potential applications of the LC process in diverse industries.

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Welding Techniques for High Entropy Alloys: Processes, Properties, Characterization, and Challenges

Cited by 13 publications

References 113 publications

Formation, Microstructure, and Properties of Dissimilar Welded Joint between CrMnFeCoNi and Fe

Formation, Microstructure, and Properties of Dissimilar Welded Joint between CrMnFeCoNi and Fe

Experimental and Simulation Study on Welding Characteristics and Parameters of Gas Metal Arc Welding for Q345qD Thick-Plate Steel

Laser Cladding-Based Surface Modification of Carbon Steel and High-Alloy Steel for Extreme Condition Applications

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