Welfare and Economic Welfare

Pigou, A. C.

doi:10.4324/9781351304368-1

Cited by 213 publications

(183 citation statements)

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“…A Pigovian tax system could also be implemented (Pigou, 1920). Its implementation nevertheless requires a quantitative evaluation of the costs of AMR associated with AMU.…”

Section: Priority Actions To Minimize the Impact Of Veterinary Antimimentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance: An Overview of Priority Actions to Prevent Suboptimal Antimicrobial Use in Food-Animal Production

2017

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The growing concern regarding emergence of bacteria resistant to antimicrobials and their potential for transmission to humans via animal production has led various authorities worldwide to implement measures to decrease antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock production. These measures are influenced by those implemented in human medicine, and emphasize the importance of antimicrobial stewardship, surveillance, infection prevention and control and research. In food producing animals, unlike human medicine, antimicrobials are used to control diseases which cause economic losses. This major difference may explain the failure of the public policies implemented to control antimicrobial usage. Here we first review the specific factors influencing AMU across the farm animal sector and highlighting the farmers’ decision-making process of AMU. We then discuss the efficiency of existing regulations implemented by policy makers, and assess the need for alternative strategies, such as substitution between antimicrobials and other measures for infectious disease control. We also discuss the interests of regulating antimicrobial prices. Finally, we emphasize the value of optimizing antimicrobial regimens, and developing veterinary precision medicine to achieve clinical efficacy in animals while limiting negative impacts on public health. The fight against antimicrobial resistance requires both a reduction and an optimization of antimicrobial consumption. The set of actions currently implemented by policy makers does not adequately address the economic interests of farmers’ use of antimicrobials.

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“…A Pigovian tax system could also be implemented (Pigou, 1920). Its implementation nevertheless requires a quantitative evaluation of the costs of AMR associated with AMU.…”

Section: Priority Actions To Minimize the Impact Of Veterinary Antimimentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance: An Overview of Priority Actions to Prevent Suboptimal Antimicrobial Use in Food-Animal Production

2017

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“…Research on congestion charges can be traced back to the French economist Jules Dupuit, who in his study from 1849 linked the analysis of the social utility of bridge tolls to the reduction of congestion. Later, Pigou (1920) and Knight (1924) incorporated road charging and congestion into social welfare analysis. Notable contributions by Vickrey (1963) and an influential British report (Smeed 1964) spurred further research on congestion charges.…”

Section: The Case Study: Science-policy Interactions In the Implementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engaging Experts: Science-Policy Interactions and the Introduction of Congestion Charging in Stockholm

Broström

McKelvey

2017

Minerva

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This article analyzes the conditions for mobilizing the science base for development of public policy. It does so by focusing upon the science-policy interface, specifically the processes of direct interaction between scientists and scientifically trained experts, on the one hand, and agents of policymaking organizations, on the other. The article defines two dimensions – cognitive distance and expert autonomy – which are argued to influence knowledge exchange, in such a way as to shape the outcome. A case study on the implementation of congestion charges in Stockholm, Sweden, illustrates how the proposed framework pinpoints three central issues for understanding these processes: (1) Differentiating the roles of, e.g., a science-based consultancy firm and an academic environment in policy formation; (2) Examining the fit between the organizational form of the science-policy interface and the intended goals; and (3) Increasing our understanding of when policymaker agents themselves need to develop scientific competence in order to interact effectively with scientific experts.

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“…Отсюда следует, между прочим, что споры о целесообразности отмены запрета на применение ценовой дискриминации 6 в определенных отраслях имеют под собой более чем достаточно оснований. Постижение этого факта путем анализа практики затруднительно, так как проблема скрыта за многочисленными частностями, трансакционными издержками и традицией, идущей от А. С. Пигу [Pigou, 1920], и Дж. Робинсон [Robinson, 1933].…”

Section: математические моделиunclassified

Intellectual Capital in the Innovative Economy: Institutional Aspects

Kravchenko¹

2017

VVSUEM

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Welfare and Economic Welfare

Cited by 213 publications

References 0 publications

Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance: An Overview of Priority Actions to Prevent Suboptimal Antimicrobial Use in Food-Animal Production

Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance: An Overview of Priority Actions to Prevent Suboptimal Antimicrobial Use in Food-Animal Production

Engaging Experts: Science-Policy Interactions and the Introduction of Congestion Charging in Stockholm

Intellectual Capital in the Innovative Economy: Institutional Aspects

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