Welfare Issues of the Nineties

Racial biases in recruitment by accounting firms: The case of international Chinese applicants in Australia

“…5 The official statistics classify as employed those 4 The underclass is defined by Waters (1991) as a class "which has labor power but for whom this asset is offset by the liability of status ascription on the basis of gender, ethnicity, age or another factor which restricts its ability to effect a good price for its labour in the market" (Waters, 1991, cited in Waters andCrook, 1993, p. 193). According to Bryson (1988) and Waters and Crook (1993, p. 196), the Australian underclass at anyone time includes the following: (a) aged pensioners; (b) invalid pensioners; (c) unemployed workers; (d) widows & supporting parent beneficiaries; (e) employed young people with low levels of education; (f) employed migrants from southern Europe and Asia, and Aboriginal people;(g) women employed in manual service occupations; and (h) income providers for families in the secondary segment of the labour market. Occupational categories associated with the underclass include the non-unionised jobs with poor pay, job satisfaction, and career prospects, including the many such jobs in the retail sector (Waters and Crook, 1993,p.201).…”