Welfare of food restricted male and female turkeys

Hocking, Paul

doi:10.1080/00071669987782

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It seems likely that the motivation to feed was constant throughout the deprivation period, as the frequency of this behaviour did not differ between hours. The increase in nosing the ground, leg stamping, repositioning, weight shifting and butting over time indicates increased activity with deprivation, which has also been observed in chickens (Webster, 2000), turkeys (Hocking et al, 1999) and pigs (Day et al, 1995). Typical responses are increased pacing and non-nutritive pecking in fowl, and increased aggression and rooting behaviour in pigs.…”

Section: Deprivation Periodmentioning

confidence: 91%

The effect of temporary deprivation of lying and feeding on the behaviour and production of lactating dairy cows

Cooper

Arney

Phillips

2008

Animal

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Two experiments were conducted to examine the effects of depriving dairy cows of the ability to feed and lie down for short periods, on behaviour and production. In experiment 1, cows were deprived by confining them in pairs in a pen for 2 or 4 h, and they more frequently exhibited behaviour likely to suggest discomfort -leg stamping, repositioning themselves, shifting their weight between legs and butting. After deprivation, the cows deprived for 2 h made up their lost feeding time within 24 h, but cows deprived for 4 h did not restore their feeding time within the 41-h period of observation. Lying time was not restored in either treatment within the 41-h period. Milk yield was not affected by the treatment. However, in experiment 2, when cows were deprived of feeding and lying for 4 h, during which time their hooves were trimmed (which is likely to be a painful and stressful procedure and result in some discomfort for a period post-trimming) the evidence suggested that milk yield was reduced by approximately 2 l/day for 3 days, with corresponding increases during the subsequent 2 days. Walking speed on returning to the herd was the same as before the treatment. In summary, temporary deprivation of feeding and lying for 2 and 4 h/day induced behaviours that were indicative of discomfort and frustration but had no negative effect on milk production, except when 4 h of deprivation was accompanied by foot trimming.

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Section: Deprivation Periodmentioning

confidence: 91%

The effect of temporary deprivation of lying and feeding on the behaviour and production of lactating dairy cows

Cooper

Arney

Phillips

2008

Animal

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“…However, it is unclear yet whether these elevated plasma corticosterone levels reflect psychological stress, metabolic effects resulting from feed restriction or both (De Jong et al, 2003). However, other studies could not find increased H/L ratios in restricted fed birds Hocking et al, 1999;De Jong et al, 2002). However, other studies could not find increased H/L ratios in restricted fed birds Hocking et al, 1999;De Jong et al, 2002).…”

Section: Consequences Of Feed Restriction For Bird Welfare During Reamentioning

confidence: 96%

Impact of nutrition on welfare aspects of broiler breeder flocks

Krimpen

Jong

2014

World's Poultry Science Journal

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To ensure health and reproductive performance, broiler breeders are feed restricted during the rearing period and, to a lesser extent, during the production period. Although restricted feeding improves health and bird welfare, on the other hand the birds are chronically hungry and suffer from frustration of feeding motivation, which has a negative effect on bird welfare. The aim of the current paper is to give an overview of the role of feed (nutritional aspects as well as feeding management) as a possible tool to improve broiler breeder welfare. Possible strategies discussed are 1) dietary dilution, by reducing the energy content and/ or increasing the NSP content, by adding soluble or insoluble fibres to the diet; 2) adding appetite suppressants (e.g. calcium propionate) to the diet; 3) changing feeding management (e.g., scattering feed in the litter). Some of these strategies, i.e. dietary dilution or adding appetite suppressants, positively affect behavioural patterns of the birds, by reducing stereotypic pecking and eating motivation, and increasing the time spent sitting. Appetite suppressants have however been criticised for causing birds to feel ill. These behavioural changes, however, can only be considered as indirect parameters of improved bird welfare and there is still a need for a reliable indicator of hunger. It is clear that nutritional strategies can be helpful in reducing hunger stress in broiler breeders. Nutrition, however, cannot fully solve the broiler breeder paradox. The main reason for this paradox is related to breeding goals that are focussed on improving feed conversion and increasing breast meat percentage. Future genetic selection should aim at uncoupling the link between (re)production and welfare or reducing the conflict between these outcomes.

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“…In addition, HLR were increased in both stressors that were used. Proportion of basophiles seemed to have no changes into its values during food-restrict event (Hocking et al, 1999).…”

Section: Hematological Profilementioning

confidence: 93%

“…According to Maxwell (1993), the increase of heterophil to lymphocytes ratio (HLR) and basophils are well-known variables indicating stress, such as heat and incorrect transportation. However, there was no evidence of the HLR changes by food restriction in turkeys (Hocking et al, 1999), neither with the crate height during short-term confinement (Wichman et al, 2010).…”

Section: Hematological Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, lactate levels were significant lower with male birds in the 55cm crates than in 40cm. Hocking et al (1999) observed that the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in turkeys from 12 to 24 weeks of age was higher in male turkeys that were fed ad libitum. In addition, the performance of ASAT was similar to one found in LDH.…”

Section: Activities Of Plasma Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of the physiological and pathological welfare indicators applied in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo)

et al. 2013

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Concern on animal welfare has become an important issue in Europe for a decade now. In commercial poultry husbandry, there are many trials to standardize the production in order to reduce the economic loss caused by poor welfare at marketing age. As it known, factors such as density, group size, space availability, maturation, lighting, feeding, and transportation can have effects on welfare of turkeys. However, to ensure a better quality of live for the birds as well as the industry as good performance, reducing the mortality and condemnations it is important to have another point of view as different kind of indicators. This paper reviews the available scientific literature related to the turkeys' welfare according to the main relevant physiopathology indicators by taking into a count whether they are feasible or not for being used. We addressed foot pad dermatitis and breast skin lesions as being the most relevant indicators so far. They may be relevant to improve the welfare assessment indicators of turkeys. However, measurements of corticosterone, enzyme activities, cytokines, and hematological profile seemed to be flourishing indicators to be applied more often. In this way associating the indicators that were previously studied to these new ones, it is assumed that animal, producer, industry and consumer may have a suitable bond between them (poultry chain) according to their different interests.

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Welfare of food restricted male and female turkeys

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

The effect of temporary deprivation of lying and feeding on the behaviour and production of lactating dairy cows

The effect of temporary deprivation of lying and feeding on the behaviour and production of lactating dairy cows

Impact of nutrition on welfare aspects of broiler breeder flocks

Review of the physiological and pathological welfare indicators applied in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo)

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