Welfare State, Universalism and Diversity

Anttonen, Anneli; Häikiö, Liisa; Stefánsson, Kolbeinn

doi:10.4337/9781849805940

Cited by 97 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…At the same time, the country has continuously ranked extremely high globally in terms of income equality and other indicators of the social and spatial distribution of welfare (Anttonen et al, 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

Choice and segregation in the ‘most egalitarian’ schools: Cumulative decline in urban schools and neighbourhoods of Helsinki, Finland

Bernelius

Vaattovaara

2016

Urban Studies

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Finland has been known for its excellent PISA results in educational outcomes throughout the last decade. The country has boasted a rare combination of high overall level, as well as uniquely good outcomes of the bottom performers. However, the latest PISA results and the recent sociospatial developments within the Finnish cities challenge this nationally celebrated balance in schools and urban social structure. Until now, research evidence has demonstrated that in the Finnish context with a powerful, universalist welfare state and a highly educated, homogenous population, differentiation increases mainly by the growth of an elite. Our analysis of large datasets from schools and neighbourhoods in Helsinki suggests that this development has been overturned in the local level: segregation has begun to increase and appears to operate through the trends of middle-class avoidance and the decline of the underprivileged groups in urban schools and neighbourhoods.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Choice and segregation in the ‘most egalitarian’ schools: Cumulative decline in urban schools and neighbourhoods of Helsinki, Finland

Bernelius

Vaattovaara

2016

Urban Studies

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“…Universalism has been both an important ideology and a measure to end stigmatisation of groups (e.g., the poor) by extending social insurance to the whole population, simultaneously promoting equality and solidarity between classes, regions and genders (Anttonen, Häikiö, and Stefánsson 2012). Conditional social benefits based on legal status or other equivalent criteria that particularly affect immigrants (e.g., residence time in the country) challenge the universalistic ideal of the welfare state (Bech et al 2017: 3).…”

Section: Conditional or Universal Access To Social Benefits?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-national convergence in times of crisis? Integration policies before, during and after the refugee crisis

Hernes

2018

West European Politics

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and teaching cover public policy and design, central-local governance, organizational theory and immigrant integration policies. AcknowledgementsThe author wishes to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. Thanks also for comments on earlier drafts from Grete Brochmann, Jostein Askim and Anton Steen, and from participants in workshops at NOPSA 2017 and the department seminar in September 2017 at the Integration policies before, during and after the refugee crisisThis article analyses if, how and why Scandinavian integration policies converged as a result of the refugee crisis in 2015, studying policies of permanent residence, citizenship, family reunification and access to social benefits. The analysis of policy processes finds that a logic of regulatory competition led to goal convergence, as all three countries explicitly adapted their policies relative to other countries' policies.Nonetheless, when comparing the configuration of policy instruments and their settings, the cross-country gap persists as all three countries took restrictive steps, thus showing traits of path dependency. The conclusion discusses a severe challenge in the current policy convergence debate in the integration literature: how an insufficient level of precision 1) concerning different dimensions of the policies and 2) concerning how to assess convergence could lead to inaccurate and even opposite conclusions when interpreting empirical analyses. Group 2017), as the countries have been classified at opposite ends of the restrictivepermissive spectrum of immigrant integration policies (Goodman 2010; 2012b), providing initial divergence on the dependent variable. Second, countries which are culturally, institutionally and economically close are more likely to adopt converging policies (Knill 2005). The Scandinavian welfare states share strong political, social, cultural and economic similarities, making them a suitable 'most likely case', where cross-country convergence during a crisis would likely emerge (Borevi et al. 2017: 2). More specifically, by studyingScandinavian integration policies right before the outbreak, during and after the refugee crisis, the study asks three questions: 1) Did the Scandinavian countries experience a change in national integration policies? 2) Are converging cross-country traits apparent? and 3) What caused these changes?After decomposing and clarifying how policy convergence will be assessed, I introduce a hypothesis predicting more restrictive and conditional integration policies during the crisis. Then follows a presentation of the case selection and data, before a brief account of the relevant policy processes in each country. The cross-country comparison finds clear traits of goal convergence in the Scandinavian integration policies during the crisis; however, because all three countries move in a more restrictive direction, the initial gap concerning the concrete instruments and settings of these instruments persists. In the conclusion, I discuss a severe challenge in the current...

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“…All provisions aim to support people to be actively participating in society and, when possible, also active in the labour market (e.g. Hvinden and Johansson, 2007;Anttonen, et al, 2012;Harsløf and Ulmestig, 2013).…”

Section: Main Traits Of the Nordic Welfare Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local social services in disaster management: Is there a Nordic model?

Rapeli

Cuadra

Dahlberg

et al. 2018

International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction

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The Nordic states have extensive welfare systems in which the local social services are an important component. Despite a growing research on societal disaster resilience, we lack research examining in systematic way whether and how local social services in the Nordic countries contribute to such resilience. Aiming to fill this gap, this article asks whether we can identify a common Nordic model of the role of local social services in disasters, or whether the countries have taken different paths.We use policy documents and legislation to examine the extent to which roles for local social services are embedded in the disaster management systems of the five Nordic countries. We analyze the institutional organization in each country, as well as the models of social services related to disasters from a comparative perspective. We find that the Nordic countries have chosen quite different paths regarding local social services' role in disaster management. A general conclusion is that the governments of the five countries ought to strengthen the position of local social services within the disaster management system as a way to enhance disaster resilience in the Nordic countries as a whole.

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Welfare State, Universalism and Diversity

Cited by 97 publications

References 0 publications

Choice and segregation in the ‘most egalitarian’ schools: Cumulative decline in urban schools and neighbourhoods of Helsinki, Finland

Choice and segregation in the ‘most egalitarian’ schools: Cumulative decline in urban schools and neighbourhoods of Helsinki, Finland

Cross-national convergence in times of crisis? Integration policies before, during and after the refugee crisis

Local social services in disaster management: Is there a Nordic model?

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