Welfare Work Requirements and Child Well-Being: Evidence from the Effects on Breast-Feeding

Haider, Steven J.; Jacknowitz, Alison; Schoeni, Robert F.

doi:10.2307/1515156

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…We measured the prevalence of early, undesired weaning in the context of perceived lactation dysfunction. Multiple barriers to breastfeeding, such as poor maternity care practices, 10,39 uneven training for health professionals, 38,40 lack of access to postpartum support 41 and maternity leave, 5 and return-towork requirements, 42 can affect whether a woman is able to achieve her breastfeeding goals. The prevalence of disrupted lactation ''in a perfect world'' is therefore likely to be lower than 12%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Early, Undesired Weaning Attributed to Lactation Dysfunction

Stuebe

Horton²,

Chetwynd³

et al. 2014

Journal of Women's Health

119

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Background: Breastfeeding durations in the United States fall short of public health objectives. We sought to quantify the prevalence and identify risk factors for early, undesired weaning that mothers attribute to physiologic difficulties with breastfeeding. Methods: We analyzed data from the Infant Feeding Practices Study (IFPS) II, a longitudinal study of US women. We defined disrupted lactation as early, undesired weaning attributed to at least two of the following three problems: breast pain, low milk supply, and difficulty with infant latch. We used logistic regression to estimate the association maternal body mass index (BMI), postpartum depressive symptoms, and disrupted lactation. Results: Of 4,902 women enrolled in the IFPS II, we analyzed 2,335 women who reported prenatal intention and breastfeeding initiation. The prevalence of disrupted lactation was 12 per 100 women (95% confidence interval [CI] 11, 13) during the first year of life. Women in this group weaned earlier (median 1.2 months, interquartile range [IQR] 0.5-2.8) than women without disrupted lactation (median 7.0 months, IQR 2.8-2.0, p < 0.01). In multivariable-adjusted (MV-adj.) models, we found increased odds of disrupted lactation among overweight (odds ratio [OR] 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.3) or obese (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2-2.6) women, compared with women with a normal pregravid BMI. Maternal depressive symptoms at 2 months, defined as Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ‡ 13, were also associated with disrupted lactation (MV-adj. OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.7). Conclusion: In a longitudinal sample of US women, disrupted lactation affected one in eight mothers who initiated breastfeeding. These findings underscore the need for both improved early breastfeeding support and targeted research to define the underlying pathophysiology and to determine management strategies that will enable more mothers to achieve their breastfeeding goals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Early, Undesired Weaning Attributed to Lactation Dysfunction

Stuebe

Horton²,

Chetwynd³

et al. 2014

Journal of Women's Health

119

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“…Although these empirical studies signify the importance of factors external to the hospital environment, it is notable that results are mixed and inconsistent in showing measured success, particularly with breastfeeding duration in the most recent RCT of Pugh et al 94 These investigations fail to consider factors important to an ecological perspective, such as home, neighborhood, and economic or employment policies aimed at low-income women, 96 and demographic differences that might influence mothers' breastfeeding behavior. These issues may help explain the apparent lack of evidence of impact on breastfeeding duration.…”

Section: Multilevel Interventions and Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Breastfeeding Rates Among African American Women: A Systematic Review of Current Psychosocial Interventions

Johnson

Kirk

Rosenblum

et al. 2015

Breastfeeding Medicine

124

109

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The goals of this article are to provide a review of key interventions and strategies that impact initiation and duration of breastfeeding with particular focus on low-income African American mothers' maternal psychological vulnerabilities during the early postpartum period using a social ecological perspective as a guiding framework. Although modest gains have been achieved in breastfeeding initiation rates in the United States, a projected gap remains between infant feeding practices and national Healthy People breastfeeding goals set for 2020, particularly among African Americans. These disparities raise concerns that socially disadvantaged mothers and babies may be at increased risk for poor postnatal outcomes because of poorer mental health and increased vulnerability to chronic health conditions. Breastfeeding can be a protective factor, strengthening the relationship between mother and baby and increasing infant health and resilience. Evidence suggests that no single intervention can sufficiently address the multiple breastfeeding barriers faced by mothers. Effective intervention strategies require a multilevel approach. A social ecological perspective highlights that individual knowledge, behavior, and attitudes are shaped by interactions between the individual woman, her friends and family, and her wider historical, social, political, economic, institutional, and community contexts, and therefore effective breastfeeding interventions must reflect all these aspects. Current breastfeeding interventions are disjointed and inadequately meet all African American women's social and psychological breastfeeding needs. Poor outcomes indicate a need for an integrative approach to address the complexity of interrelated breastfeeding barriers mothers' experience across layers of the social ecological system.

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“…Breastfeeding may also be associated with better cognitive outcomes (see for instance Moretensen et al, 2002) but here the evidence is less conclusive. 4 And one recent study finds that women in states with tougher work requirements for mothers of infants are less likely to breastfeed (Haider et al, 2003). 5 At the same time, very lengthy periods of maternity leave may have adverse effects on women's position in the labour market (Ruhm, 1998).…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternity Leave, Early Maternal Employment and Child Health and Development in the US

Berger

Hill

Waldfogel

2005

The Economic Journal

368

254

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This paper uses data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to explore links between mothers’ returns to work within 12 weeks of giving birth and health and developmental outcomes for their children. OLS models and propensity score matching methods are utilised to account for selection bias. Considerable associations between early returns to work and children's outcomes are found suggesting causal relationships between early returns to work and reductions in breastfeeding and immunisations, as well as increases in externalising behaviour problems. These results are generally stronger for mothers who return to work full‐time within 12 weeks of giving birth.

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Welfare Work Requirements and Child Well-Being: Evidence from the Effects on Breast-Feeding

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Early, Undesired Weaning Attributed to Lactation Dysfunction

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Early, Undesired Weaning Attributed to Lactation Dysfunction

Enhancing Breastfeeding Rates Among African American Women: A Systematic Review of Current Psychosocial Interventions

Maternity Leave, Early Maternal Employment and Child Health and Development in the US

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