Well-Being and Diabetes Management in Early Pregnant Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

This paper explores well-being and diabetes management in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) in early pregnancy and investigates associations among perceived well-being, diabetes management, and maternal characteristics. Questionnaires were answered by 168 Swedish women. Correlation analyses were conducted with Spearman’s correlation coefficient (rs). The women reported relatively high scores of self-efficacy in diabetes management (SWE-DES-10: 3.91 (0.51)) and self-perceived health (excellent (6.5%), very good (42.3%), good (38.7%), fair (11.3%) and poor (1.2%)). Moderate scores were reported for general well-being (WBQ-12: 22.6 (5.7)) and sense of coherence (SOC-13: 68.9 (9.7), moderate/low scores for hypoglycemia fear (SWE-HFS 26.6 (11.8)) and low scores of diabetes-distress (SWE-PAID-20 27.1 (15.9)). A higher capability of self-efficacy in diabetes management showed positive correlations with self-perceived health (rs = −0.41, p < 0.0001) and well-being (rs = 0.34, p < 0.0001) as well as negative correlations with diabetes distress (rs = −0.51, p < 0.0001) and hypoglycemia worries (rs = −0.27, p = 0.0009). Women with HbA1c levels of ≤48 mmL/mol scored higher in the subscales “goal achievement” in SWE-DES (p = 0.0028) and “comprehensibility” in SOC (p = 0.016). Well-being and diabetes management could be supported by strengthening the women’s capability to achieve glycemic goals and their comprehensibility in relation to the treatment. Further studies are needed to test this.

Empowerment in the Treatment of Diabetes and Obesity

“…However, it will take time to determine the effects of this program in young people with type 1 diabetes. Another interesting trial MODIAB-Web (person-centered web-based support) was designed to improve self-management in women with type 1 diabetes during pregnancy and early motherhood [50]. Diabetes management in this study was evaluated with the Swedish short version of DES.…”

Well-being in high-risk pregnancy: an integrative review

“…well-being as a multidimensional and complex concept (27,28), controlled physical conditions (29,30), controlled mood, emotions, and affections (14,27), perceived threat (30,31), self-efficacy and competence for multiple role performance (27,32), maintained social relationships (30,33), and meaning seeking and relationship with the Creator (34).…”

“…One of the key components of well-being in HRP is self-efficacy and self-control for showing appropriate responses to pregnancy (28,32). Limitation of behaviors and activities (14,47), a sense of strain, and damages to maternal roles in family (30,33) are indicative of poor well-being in HRP.…”

“…Well-being in HRP is a multidimensional and complex subjective concept which may change during pregnancy. It is integrated with the concept of health and is considered as the abstract understanding of health (27,28).…”

Well-being in high-risk pregnancy: an integrative review

“…well-being as a multidimensional and complex concept (25,26), controlled physical conditions (27,28), controlled mood, emotions, and affections (14,25), perceived threat (28,29), self-efficacy and competence for multiple role performance (25,30), maintained social relationships (28,31), and meaning seeking and relationship with the Creator (32).…”