“…At present, Pt-based nanomaterials are the most widely used catalysts because of their high catalytic activity in cathodic and anodic reactions (Khan et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2018). Consequently, tri-metallic Pt-based alloys for instance Pt-Ni-Cu (Tang et al, 2018), Pt-Ni-Co (Huang et al, 2014;Sriphathoorat et al, 2016), Pt-Pd-Cu (Yin et al, 2012;Tian et al, 2017), Pt-Pd-Co (Cho et al, 2014;Song et al, 2015), Pt-Fe-Ni (Li and Chan, 2013), Pt-Fe-Co (Hwang et al, 2011), and Pt-Pd-Au (Li et al, 2018) aroused the attention of many studies. However, due to the low cost and high catalytic activity of Pd-based catalysts, there are few studies on Pd-based catalysts (Guo et al, 2014;Jiang et al, 2015;Xu et al, 2015;Yousaf et al, 2017a), therefore, Pdbased catalysts are the most promising substitute for Pt-based catalysts (Xu et al, 2015;Yousaf et al, 2017a;Wang et al, 2018).…”