Well Integrity Issues in Steam Flood Injection Wells, Karim Small Field Cluster

Abstract

Two (2) steam flood vertical injection wells are under operation for the last 15 months in a two- pattern pilot. Previous steam injection experience in this reservoir did not indicate serious issues due to the short injection periods for cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) but several well integrity issues have been faced during the steam flood period. Key issues include high wellhead growth, steam leak to the annulus A, annulus between 7” production casing and 4-1/2” injection tubing, and groundwater vapor behind 9.625” surface casing. Negative impacts from these issues on the continuity and effectiveness of the steam flood are recognized and need to be resolved comprehensively. All wells in the steam flood pilot were drilled and completed based on designs and procedures according to thermal well compliance including well equipment, and cementing specification. Production casing was equipped with thermal expansion collars to support reduction in wellhead growth. Completion strategy uses seal bore packer with bore extensions to accommodate tubing movement and Vacuum-Insulated-Tubing to provide maximum thermal insulation. However, the presence of a total- loss zone near the surface (starting from 50 m depth) affects the cement isolation between surface casing and 12.25” open hole. Daily monitoring is performed on each well where key injection parameters and well responses are recorded. Maximum wellhead growth reached 61 cm within the first week and steam leak from the injection string to annulus A started after 6 months of steam injection. Soon after that, groundwater vapor starts to arise from the gap between 9.625” casing and 12.25” open hole. These series of failures occurred in both injection wells within 3 months apart from each other. It is believed that the steam leak to annulus A resulted in thermal transmission to groundwater vapor. Hoist entries to both injectors indicated that Injector-1 has tubing seal assembly stuck inside seal bore and resulted in parted tubing collar while Injector-2 has tubing seal assembly damage. Both wells have thick oil covering the retrieved seal bore packer. Remedial actions were performed, including a complete change-out of the seal bore packer assembly and top-job cement fill up to surface using fast-set cement to isolate the gap between 9.625” casing and 12.25” open hole to reduce wellhead growth. As a result, the maximum wellhead growth became only 19 cm and 4 cm in Injector-1 and Injector-2, respectively. These remedial actions also led to restoring well and thermal integrity. Retrieved seal bore packer was sent back to manufacturer for appropriate failure analysis and providing useful feedback reports on the above issues. Monitoring and observation data along with failure analysis should provide vital information and possible improvement in completion strategy for steam injection wells that are planned for continuous steam flood projects in similar reservoirs.

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