Well-known polypeptides of deer antler velvet with key actives: modern pharmacological advances

Sun, He; Xiao, Dandan; Liu, Wei; Li, Xue; Lin, Zhe; Li, Yong; Ding, Ye

doi:10.1007/s00210-023-02642-y

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Research on PAP has been conducted in many Asian countries, including China, South Korea, and Japan, focusing on its molecular and cellular mechanisms. PAP has shown promise in regulating a variety of diseases, including those related to the cardiovascular system, skeletal system, and immune system (5,86,87).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pharmacologically, PAP faces challenges such as low bioavailability, a short half-life, and vulnerability to proteolytic degradation. However, comprehensive analysis regarding its pharmacokinetics and pharmacology is lacking, highlighting the need for further in-depth research and evaluation (5,43). These limitations underscore the necessity for continued research and improvement in the development and application of PAP for potential clinical use.…”

Section: Inhibiting Osteoclast Activity and Resisting Bone Resorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, upholding a dynamic equilibrium between OBs and OCs emerges as pivotal for both the structure and development of bones. Pilose antler polypeptide/velvet antler polypeptide (PAP/ VAP), a potent extract derived from traditional Chinese medicine, deer antler, effectively promotes the proliferation of osteoblasts (OBs) and enhances bone cell mineralization ability (5), which amplifies the expression and activity of essential factors like BMP-2, ALP, estrogen, and bone-protective agents, consequently augmenting calcium and phosphorus levels within the human body (5). Moreover, it demonstrates the capability to suppress inflammatory factors and osteoclast activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, it demonstrates the capability to suppress inflammatory factors and osteoclast activity. By multiple pathways such as MAKP, EGF, NF-κB, BMP-2, insulin, ERK, and PI3K/Akt, PAP significantly contributes to maintaining a balanced bone homeostasis (5). So the article commencing with an exploration of the pathological mechanisms of osteoporosis (OP) comprehensively outlines the pertinent effects of PAP on bone metabolism, offering fresh insights into the mechanisms by which PAP intervenes in OP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of pilose antler polypeptide on the mechanism of bone homeostasis in osteoporosis

Wang,

Meng,

Ouyang

et al. 2023

Front. Med.

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Osteoporosis stands out as a prevalent metabolic disorder, bearing significant repercussions on human well-being and overall quality of life. It remains an urgent concern within the global public health framework due to its widespread occurrence. Osteoporosis arises from an abnormal metabolism in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, resulting in a disruption of the delicate equilibrium between bone formation and bone resorption. Within this context, deer antler peptides emerge as natural active compounds, wielding a pivotal role in governing the differentiation, proliferation, and mineralization of osteoblasts, as well as influencing the activity of osteoclasts. This article aims to consolidate our comprehension of the mechanisms underpinning the dynamic balance between bone formation and resorption, meticulously orchestrated by osteoblasts and osteoclasts in osteoporosis. Furthermore, it offers a comprehensive overview of how deer antler peptides, through their modulation of relevant signaling pathways, contribute to the enhancement of bone homeostasis. These insights deepen our understanding of the pathological processes through which deer antler peptides ameliorate bone homeostasis, while also presenting novel strategies for osteoporosis management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inhibiting Osteoclast Activity and Resisting Bone Resorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of pilose antler polypeptide on the mechanism of bone homeostasis in osteoporosis

Wang,

Meng,

Ouyang

et al. 2023

Front. Med.

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“…Ongoing studies are now seeking to discern the potential positive effects of antler velvet on blood circulation, vasodilation, and blood pressure regulation. While these findings hold promise, additional research and clinical trials are crucial for more conclusive insights into the multifaceted effects of antler velvet [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive assessment of immunomodulatory potentials of Korean antler velvet extract in mouse and neurodegenerative Caenorhabditis elegans models

Kang,

Lee,

Eor

et al. 2024

J Anim Sci Technol

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This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of deer antler velvet's impact, with a specific emphasis on mouse models and in vitro experiments. The study navigates the intricacies of antler velvet's variability, encompassing considerations of drying methods, extraction techniques, and anatomical regions of antlers.Employing a diverse array of processing methods, this study prioritizes both food safety and the consistent intake of deer antler velvet extracts. The study scrupulously evaluates toxicity and immune-boosting properties through exhaustive assessments, utilizing Caenorhabditis elegans, immunosuppressive mouse models, and immune cells. The study unfolds the repercussions of deer antler velvet extract on the lifespan, neuromuscular functions, and cognitive abilities of C. elegans. Additionally, this study explores the extract's potential to alleviate toxicity induced by cyclophosphamide (CPA) in a mouse model, with a focus on inflammation, metabolic disorders, and gut microbiota composition. The antler velvet extract prevents immune dysregulation caused by CPA treatment by ameliorating systemic inflammation and restoring energy metabolism. Furthermore, antler velvet extract treatment significantly transforms the gut microbiota of an immunosuppressive mouse model by fostering the proliferation of commensal bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, and Lachnospiraceae at the genus level. Moreover, antler velvet treatment enhances the activity of natural killer cells against YAC-1 lymphoma while tempering overactivity among immune cells to baseline levels. In conclusion, this study provides nuanced insights into the diverse benefits of antler velvet extract, encouraging sustained research to unveil its complete potential in the realms of mouse models and in vitro experiments.

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Anti-fatigue effect of an enzymatically derived deer velvet extract through muscle damage recovery and improvement of antioxidant levels

Park,

Seo

et al. 2025

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Well-known polypeptides of deer antler velvet with key actives: modern pharmacological advances

Cited by 6 publications

References 86 publications

Effect of pilose antler polypeptide on the mechanism of bone homeostasis in osteoporosis

Effect of pilose antler polypeptide on the mechanism of bone homeostasis in osteoporosis

A comprehensive assessment of immunomodulatory potentials of Korean antler velvet extract in mouse and neurodegenerative Caenorhabditis elegans models

Anti-fatigue effect of an enzymatically derived deer velvet extract through muscle damage recovery and improvement of antioxidant levels

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