In this paper, based on Galerkin–Legendre spectral method for space discretization and a linearized Crank–Nicolson difference scheme in time, a fully discrete spectral scheme is developed for solving the strongly coupled nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equations. We first prove that the proposed scheme satisfies the conservation laws of mass and energy in the discrete sense. Then a prior bound of the numerical solutions in $L^{\infty }$
L
∞
-norm is obtained, and the spectral scheme is shown to be unconditionally convergent in $L^{2}$
L
2
-norm, with second-order accuracy in time and spectral accuracy in space. Finally, some numerical results are provided to validate our theoretical analysis.