West Indian (Caribbean) Punctate Keratopathy: Clinical and In Vivo Confocal Microscopical Findings

Tietze, Bettina; Kasper, Berit; Guthoff, Rainer; Geerling, Gerd

doi:10.1097/ico.0b013e31821b721c

Cited by 8 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Some patients were followed for up to 18 months and the opacities remained unchanged [ 1 ]. As we already indicate it seems to be rather frequent in the Antilles [ 1 , 2 ], but other publications confirmed that the condition was not restricted to people of African-Caribbean descent, but also presented in Caucasians and Hindus who had lived in the Antilles [ 2 , 4 , 5 ], and in other human groups of Central and South America [ 3 , 6 , 7 ]. Curiously it seems to be inexistent in Caucasians, Africans or Asians who have not lived in the Antilles or Central/South America.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Although there have been no other prevalence reported studies, anecdotal information based on experience of ophthalmologists working in the Antilles, have revealed that Punctate Keratopathy of West Indians seems to be a common ocular finding on those peoples [ 1 , 2 ]. This condition has also been reported in two Caucasians [ 2 , 4 ], two Hindus[ 2 ], and one north American Afro-Caribbeandescent [ 5 ], all of them sharing that they had previously lived in the Antilles. However, as already indicated, Punctate Keratopathy of West Indians is not limited to individuals related to those islands, and has also been found in Afroamericans and native Americans from Ecuador (SouthAmerica), and as well among mestizoes (mixed European and Native American ancestry) from Guatemala (Central America).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Curiously it seems to be inexistent in Caucasians, Africans or Asians who have not lived in the Antilles or Central/South America. So, for many ophthalmologists in North America, Europe, Africa and Asia this might be an unknown condition, and patients may be exposed to unneeded studies and treatments [ 5 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Punctate Keratopathy of West Indians in a Colombian Referral Center and a New Name Proposed: Rice´s Keratopathy

Galvis¹,

Tello²,

Jaramillo³

et al. 2015

TOOPHTJ

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Purpose : To perform a prevalence study of Punctate Keratopathy of West Indians in Colombian individuals and to propose a new name for the condition.Methods : Prospective, population-based epidemiological study. All patients evaluated between November 1 and December 31, 2012, in the Centro Oftalmológico Virgilio Galvis and Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander (FOSCAL), Floridablanca, Colombia, with clinical findings of white corneal opacities corresponding to Punctate Keratopathy of West Indians were identified. Careful slit-lamp examination was performed for clinical diagnosis and findings were reported in the electronic medical record indicating number and location of the lesions. Prevalence was calculated for the total population, and for gender and age groups. Furthermore a literature review was performed and a new name for the condition proposed.Results : In the whole group of patients, prevalence was 1.0%. No one case was diagnosed in a patient younger than 21 year-old. No one lesion was located within 2.5 mm of the corneal apex. 96% of affected patients had unilateral involvement. 58.5% of eyes had a single corneal lesion; 7% of eyes had 6 or 7 corneal lesions.Conclusion : The condition heretofore known as Punctate Keratopathy of West Indians was present in 1% of our patients in Colombia (South America). Thus, this non-infectious, non-inflammatory, asymptomatic ailment of unknown etiology is not restricted to people of Antillean descent, or who have lived in these islands. We propose the new name “Rice's keratopathy". Age and male gender were independent risk factors for the presence of the keratopathy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

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Prevalence of Punctate Keratopathy of West Indians in a Colombian Referral Center and a New Name Proposed: Rice´s Keratopathy

Galvis¹,

Tello²,

Jaramillo³

et al. 2015

TOOPHTJ

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“…Recently Tietze et al 4 performed in vivo confocal microscopy in one case and described multiple punctate opacities located above the Bowman layer. There were no findings of inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple punctate subepithelial corneal lesions

et al. 2013

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A 61-year-old woman was referred to the Centro Oftalmológico Virgilio Galvis (Floridablanca, Colombia), because of dry eye symptoms. She has always lived in Colombia. The patient had a diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes, treated with latanoprost 0.005%. Her medical, surgical and family histories were unremarkable. Her best-corrected visual acuity was 0.1 LogMAR (Snellen 20/25) with refraction −2.00 −2.00×110°i n the right eye and 0.1 LogMAR (Snellen 20/25) with refraction −1.75 −2.00×80°in the left eye. Goldman tonometry was 16 mm Hg for both eyes. During a slit lamp examination we observed multiple punctate subepithelial corneal lesions in the left eye ( figure 1A,B). They were six in total. Two lesions were located superior and inferior in the peripupillary area, one in the nasal midperiphery and three in the periphery (nasal, superior and inferior) of the cornea. The lesions had a white centre surrounded by a halo, less intense in colour, and around three to four times larger than the central dot. The sizes of the central whiter dots were between approximately 0.1 and 0.2 mm and the diameters of the surrounding paler halo areas varied between approximately 0.4 and 0.6 mm. the lesions did not stain with fluorescein (figure 1C). Our patient had no symptoms related to those lesions. Fundus examination showed a cup-disc ratio of 0.5 with normal macula and peripheral retina in both eyes.Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (Visante-OCT; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, California, USA) crossing one of the lesions showed a hyper-reflective area located under the corneal epithelium (figure 2). Figure 1 (A) Six small corneal subepithelial lesions (arrows) in the left eye of the patient. (B) Higher magnification view of five of the lesions. (C) Lesions did not stain with fluorescein. This figure is only reproduced in colour in the online version.Figure 2 Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (Visante-OCT; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, California, USA) crossing the inferior peripupillary lesion. A hyper-reflective area located under the corneal epithelium can be seen (white arrow). This figure is only reproduced in colour in the online version.

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“…Although only one published series from Grenada (Lesser Antilles in the West Indies) studied prevalence of the condition (6.25% rate),2 from anecdotal information based on experience of ophthalmologists working in the Antilles, it seems to be rather common among inhabitants of those islands;1 2 it has been also described in two Caucasians,2 3 two Hindus2 and one North American Afro-Caribbean descent,4 all of whom had lived in the Antilles. Moreover, the condition has been found in Native Americans and Afro-Americans in Ecuador5 and in two mestizoes (mixed European and Native American ancestry) from Guatemala 5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Punctate keratopathy of West Indians in patients undergoing photorefractive surgery

et al. 2013

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West Indian (Caribbean) Punctate Keratopathy: Clinical and In Vivo Confocal Microscopical Findings

Abstract: West Indian punctate keratopathy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of scattered spot-like opacities with a history of residence in the endemic West Indies. Inflammatory entities can be excluded by in vivo confocal microscopy.

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Prevalence of Punctate Keratopathy of West Indians in a Colombian Referral Center and a New Name Proposed: Rice´s Keratopathy

Prevalence of Punctate Keratopathy of West Indians in a Colombian Referral Center and a New Name Proposed: Rice´s Keratopathy

Multiple punctate subepithelial corneal lesions

Punctate keratopathy of West Indians in patients undergoing photorefractive surgery

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