West Nile fever in Israel: The reemergence of an endemic disease

Anis, Emilia; Grotto, Itamar; Mendelson, Ella; Bin, Hanna; Orshan, Laor; Gandacu, Dan; Warshavsky, Bruce; Shinar, Eilat; Slater, Paul E.; Lev, Baruch

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2013.10.009

Cited by 30 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…WNF has high rates of asymptomatic infections that make it difficult to monitor [84]. Studies in Israel [93], Hungary, and Austria [94] of neuroinvasive WNF infections indicate that warmer temperatures cause increased mosquito breeding activity, which is associated with higher incidence. Increased awareness and increased diagnostic testing have also contributed to the increasing incidence of WNF observed over the last 20 years within 20 countries in the WHO European Region [95].…”

Section: Climate-sensitive Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Observed and Projected Effects (6) Malaria in Portugal [89] Malaria in Germany [92] Malaria in Turkey [90] Aedes albopictus in Europe [98] Malaria in Spain [91] Recent and future Aedes albopictus suitability [99] WNF in Israel [93] Dengue in Europe [100] WNF in Hungary and Austria [94] Dengue in Europe [103] Chikungunya in Italy [96] Dengue and Chikungunya in Europe [101] Dengue in Madeira 2012 [102] Ticks transmit climate-sensitive infectious diseases including Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever [108,109], Lyme borreliosis [110][111][112], tick-borne encephalitis [113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120] and Tularemia [121]. Several studies identified in the literature review do not report on climate change and tick-transmitted diseases, but instead describe changes in tick distribution, specifically in the United Kingdom [122], Slovenia [123], and the Czech Republic [124].…”

Section: Observed Effect (7)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Health Effects of Climate Change in the WHO European Region

Wolf

Lyne

Martínez

et al. 2015

Climate

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Abstract:The evidence of observed health effects as well as projections of future health risks from climate variability and climate change is growing. This article summarizes new knowledge on these health risks generated since the IPCC fourth assessment report (AR4) was published in 2007, with a specific focus on the 53 countries comprising the WHO European Region. Many studies on the effects of weather, climate variability, and climate change on health in the European Region have been published since 2007, increasing the level of certainty with regard to already known health threats. Exposures to temperature extremes, floods, storms, and wildfires have effects on cardiovascular and respiratory health. Climate-and weather-related health risks from worsening food and water safety and security, poor air quality, and ultraviolet radiation exposure as well as increasing allergic diseases, vector-and rodent-borne diseases, and other climate-sensitive health outcomes also warrant attention and policy action to protect human health.

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Section: Climate-sensitive Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Observed Effect (7)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Health Effects of Climate Change in the WHO European Region

Wolf

Lyne

Martínez

et al. 2015

Climate

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“…In humans, WNV generates low viremia levels during infection ( 1 ). WNV is endemic in Israel and has been the cause of several disease outbreaks in recent years ( 2 ). Several subtypes of WNV lineage 1 have been phylogenetically identified in mosquitoes in Israel ( 3 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutation in West Nile Virus Structural Protein prM during Human Infection

Lustig¹,

Lanciotti²,

Hindiyeh³

et al. 2016

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…WNV can be thought of as a preventable disease if preventative measures are taken. Thus, the longterm sequelae of WNV, which include depression, fatigue, headaches, cognitive and muscular deficits can be potentially avoided [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%