West Nile Virus, Guadeloupe

Quirin, René; Salas, Michel; Zientara, Stéphan; Zeller, H.; Labie, J.; Murri, Séverine; Lefrançois, Thierry; Petitclerc, Martial; Martinez, Dominique

doi:10.3201/eid1004.030465

Cited by 62 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…These rates are significantly higher than the 4.0% (8 of 200 unvaccinated horses) observed in a previously unpublished study (referred to in Komar and Clark, 2006) in 2004 in Trinidad. It is also higher than the rate reported for horses in Venezuela (4.5%; Bosch et al 2007) and Cuba (9.0%; Pupo et al 2006), but lower than in Mexico (29.5-62.5%;Blitvich et al 2003b;Marlenee et al 2004;Alonso-Padilla et al 2009), Guatemala (42.3%;Morales-Betoulle et al 2006), and Guadeloupe (61.6%; Quirin et al 2004). Komar and associates (Komar et al 2003) suggested that the differences in seroprevalence among locations in South and Central America may be a consequence of the difference in the length of time the virus has been in circulation.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 41%

Serological Evidence of Flaviviruses and Alphaviruses in Livestock and Wildlife in Trinidad

Thompson

Auguste

Coombs

et al. 2012

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Seroprevalence rates of selected arboviruses in animal populations in Trinidad were determined using serum samples collected between 2006 and 2009 from horses (n = 506), cattle (n = 163), sheep (n = 198), goats (n = 82), pigs (n = 184), birds (n = 140), rodents (n = 116), and other vertebrates (n = 23). The sera were screened for antibodies to West Nile virus (WNV), St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), Ilheus virus (ILHV), Bussuquara virus (BSQV), Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), and western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV), using hemagglutination inhibition assay (HIA) and epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Antibodies to SLEV were detected in a total of 49 (9.7%) horses, 8 (4.9%) cattle, 1 (1.2%) goat, 2 (1.4%) wild birds, and 3 (2.2%) wild rodents by both methods. In contrast, antibodies to EEEV, VEEV, and WNV were detected only in horses, at rates of 4.3%, 0.8%, and 17.2%, respectively, by ELISA, and IgM capture ELISA was WNV-positive in 3 (0.6%) of these sera. Among locally bred unvaccinated horses that had never left Trinidad, seroprevalence rates against WNV were 12.1% and 17.2% by ELISA and HIA, respectively. The presence of WNV-and SLEV-specific antibodies in a representative sample of horse sera that were both ELISA-and HIA-seropositive was confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization testing (PRNT). Antibodies to ILHV and BSQV were not detected in any of the serum samples tested (i.e., sera from horses, other livestock, and wild birds in the case of ILHV, and wild mammals in the case of BSQV). The data indicate the presence of WNV in Trinidad, and continuing low-level circulation of SLEV, EEEV, and VEEV.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 41%

Serological Evidence of Flaviviruses and Alphaviruses in Livestock and Wildlife in Trinidad

Thompson

Auguste

Coombs

et al. 2012

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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“…In the case of these viruses, and also some alphaviruses, however, chickens develop reliable and robust viraemias and seroconversions (Maguire & Miles, 1965;Campbell & Hore, 1975;Calisher et al ., 1986;Reisen et al ., 1994;Komar et al ., 2001), which allow the use of chickens in vector competence studies and monitoring programmes for virus activity (Morris et al ., 1994;Komar, 2001;Broom et al ., 2002a;Blackmore et al ., 2003;Reisen et al ., 2004;Quirin et al ., 2004). Contrary to these findings, experimental USUV infection only inconsistently led to viraemia and seroconversion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, WNV is reported to produce no clinical signs after experimental infection of chickens, but neutralizing antibodies are consistently found (Senne et al ., 2000;Langevin et al ., 2001). Thus chickens are used as sentinel species for WNV surveillance programmes in North America and in the Caribbean (Langevin et al ., 2001;Quirin et al ., 2004;Reisen et al ., 2004). The enzootic activity of SLEV and Western equine encepha-lomyelitis virus was also monitored by seroconversions in chicken flocks in California (Reisen et al ., 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limited pathogenicity of Usutu virus for the domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus)

Chvala¹,

Bakonyi

Hackl

et al. 2005

Avian Pathology

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“…Subsequently, WNV has extended its distribution in the Americas throughout the United States and southern Canada and has recently been isolated in Mexico (12). Serological evidence suggests that the virus is now widely distributed throughout Mexico (6,12,21) and also parts of the Caribbean (11,16,34). Since 2002, WNV has been responsible for more than 6,300 cases of human meningitis/encephalitis in the United States that resulted in 633 deaths (data from the CDC website, http://www.cdc.gov /westnile, as of 14 December 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Envelope Protein Glycosylation Status Influences Mouse Neuroinvasion Phenotype of Genetic Lineage 1 West Nile Virus Strains

Beasley

Whiteman

Zhang

et al. 2005

J Virol

285

261

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The introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) into. To begin to elucidate the basis for these differences, we compared a highly virulent New York 1999 (NY99) isolate with a related Old World lineage 1 strain, An4766 (ETH76a), which is attenuated for mouse neuroinvasion. Genomic sequencing of ETH76a revealed a relatively small number of nucleotide (5.1%) and amino acid (0.6%) differences compared with NY99. These differences were located throughout the genome and included five amino acid differences in the envelope protein gene. Substitution of premembrane and envelope genes of ETH76a into a NY99 infectious clone backbone yielded a virus with altered in vitro growth characteristics and a mouse virulence phenotype comparable to ETH76a. Further site-specific mutagenesis studies revealed that the altered phenotype was primarily mediated via loss of envelope protein glycosylation and that this was associated with altered stability of the virion at mildly acidic pH. Therefore, the enhanced virulence of North American WNV strains compared with other Old World lineage 1 strains is at least partly mediated by envelope protein glycosylation.

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West Nile Virus, Guadeloupe

Cited by 62 publications

References 8 publications

Serological Evidence of Flaviviruses and Alphaviruses in Livestock and Wildlife in Trinidad

Serological Evidence of Flaviviruses and Alphaviruses in Livestock and Wildlife in Trinidad

Limited pathogenicity of Usutu virus for the domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus)

Envelope Protein Glycosylation Status Influences Mouse Neuroinvasion Phenotype of Genetic Lineage 1 West Nile Virus Strains

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