West Nile Virus Infection in American Robins: New Insights on Dose Response

VanDalen, Kaci K.; Hall, Jeffrey S.; Clark, Larry; McLean, Robert G.; Smeraski, Cynthia A.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0068537

Cited by 36 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…A greater loss of mass in AZF and TZF was observed in birds challenged with 10 5 PFU of WNV as compared to 10 3 PFU. Loss of body mass has been reported in American robins experimentally challenged with ≤ 10 3 PFU of WNV [30]. However, even at the 10 3 PFU challenge we observed a loss in mass of up to 6% in an individual TZF that weighed approximately 9 gm at the start of the study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

“…A clear dose response was reported in American robins [30]. However other experimental studies in cliff swallows ( Petrochelidon pyrrhonota ) challenged with 10 1– 10 3.5 PFU of virus [31], and house finches and mourning doves ( Zenaida macroura ) challenged with 10 <0.3– 10 4.2 PFU of virus [32] did not report a dose response in peak viremia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Susceptibility and Antibody Response of the Laboratory Model Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) to West Nile Virus

et al. 2017

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Since the introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) into North America in 1999 a number of passerine bird species have been found to play a role in the amplification of the virus. Arbovirus surveillance, observational studies and experimental studies have implicated passerine birds (songbirds, e.g., crows, American robins, house sparrows, and house finches) as significant reservoirs of WNV in North America, yet we lack a tractable passerine animal model for controlled studies of the virus. The zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) serves as a model system across a diversity of fields, and here we develop the zebra finch a songbird model for WNV. Like many natural hosts of WNV, we found that zebra finches developed sufficient viremia to serve as a competent host, yet in general resisted mortality from infection. In the Australian zebra finch (AZF) T. g. castanotis, we detected WNV in the majority of sampled tissues by 4 days post injection (dpi). However, WNV was not detected in tissues of sacrificed birds at 14 dpi, shortly after the development of detectable anti-WNV antibodies in the majority of birds indicating successful viral clearance. We compared susceptibility between the two zebra finch subspecies AZF and Timor zebra finch (TZF) T. g. guttata. Compared to AZF, WNV RNA was detected in a larger proportion of challenged TZF and molecular detection of virus in the serum of TZF was significantly higher than in AZF. Given the observed moderate host competence and disease susceptibility, we suggest that zebra finches are appropriate as models for the study of WNV and although underutilized in this respect, may be ideal models for the study of the many diseases carried and transmitted by songbirds.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Susceptibility and Antibody Response of the Laboratory Model Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) to West Nile Virus

et al. 2017

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“…27,32,34,36 Also consistent with previous reports, peak viremias were lower in species not exhibiting severe clinical disease. 27,34,37,38 For most species tested, infection peaked on days 2-3, which has been reported by others, but for JASP infection peaked later, between 5 and 7 days (Figure 1).…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

Surveillance Potential of Non-Native Hawaiian Birds for Detection of West Nile Virus

Hofmeister

Dusek

Brand

2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. West Nile virus (WNV) was first detected in North America in 1999. Alaska and Hawaii (HI) remain the only U.S. states in which transmission of WNV has not been detected. Dead bird surveillance has played an important role in the detection of the virus geographically, as well as temporally. In North America, corvids have played a major role in WNV surveillance; however, the only corvid in HI is the endangered Hawaiian crow that exists only in captivity, thus precluding the use of this species for WNV surveillance in HI. To evaluate the suitability of alternate avian species for WNV surveillance, we experimentally challenged seven abundant non-native bird species present in HI with WNV and compared mortality, viremia, oral shedding of virus, and seroconversion. For detection of WNV in oral swabs, we compared viral culture, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and the RAMP ® test. For detection of antibodies to WNV, we compared an indirect and a competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay. We found four species (house sparrow, house finch, Japanese white-eye, and Java sparrow) that may be useful in dead bird surveillance for WNV; while common myna, zebra dove, and spotted dove survived infection and may be useful in serosurveillance.

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“…In these hosts, lesions affecting the CNS can be found [66], although antigen immunolabeling is not always possible [54]. …”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Infections of Wild Birds with West Nile Virus

Pérez‐Ramírez

Llorente

Jiménez‐Clavero

2014

Viruses

135

138

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Avian models of West Nile virus (WNV) disease have become pivotal in the study of infection pathogenesis and transmission, despite the intrinsic constraints that represents this type of experimental research that needs to be conducted in biosecurity level 3 (BSL3) facilities. This review summarizes the main achievements of WNV experimental research carried out in wild birds, highlighting advantages and limitations of this model. Viral and host factors that determine the infection outcome are analyzed in detail, as well as recent discoveries about avian immunity, viral transmission, and persistence achieved through experimental research. Studies of laboratory infections in the natural host will help to understand variations in susceptibility and reservoir competence among bird species, as well as in the epidemiological patterns found in different affected areas.

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West Nile Virus Infection in American Robins: New Insights on Dose Response

Cited by 36 publications

References 34 publications

Susceptibility and Antibody Response of the Laboratory Model Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) to West Nile Virus

Susceptibility and Antibody Response of the Laboratory Model Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) to West Nile Virus

Surveillance Potential of Non-Native Hawaiian Birds for Detection of West Nile Virus

Experimental Infections of Wild Birds with West Nile Virus

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