West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease presenting with acute flaccid paralysis and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss

Casetta, Ilaria; Ciorba, Andrea; Cesnik, Carlos E. S.; Trevisi, Patrizia; Tugnoli, V.; Bovo, Roberto

doi:10.1007/s00415-011-6011-3

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Similar to other neurologic symptoms, hearing loss is also reported more frequently in immunocompromised patients and often recovers spontaneously (Jamison, Michaels, Ratard, Sweet, & Deboisblanc, 2007; McBride, Gill, & Wiviott, 2006). However, at least one case of SNHL in a WNV-infected, immunocompetent man did not resolve, leaving this patient with a permanent downsloping moderate to severe SNHL (Casetta et al., 2011). …”

Section: Viruses Causing Acquired Hearing Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Causes of Hearing Loss: A Review for Hearing Health Professionals

2014

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A number of viral infections can cause hearing loss. Hearing loss induced by these viruses can be congenital or acquired, unilateral or bilateral. Certain viral infections can directly damage inner ear structures, others can induce inflammatory responses which then cause this damage, and still others can increase susceptibility or bacterial or fungal infection, leading to hearing loss. Typically, virus-induced hearing loss is sensorineural, although conductive and mixed hearing losses can be seen following infection with certain viruses. Occasionally, recovery of hearing after these infections can occur spontaneously. Most importantly, some of these viral infections can be prevented or treated. For many of these viruses, guidelines for their treatment or prevention have recently been revised. In this review, we outline many of the viruses that cause hearing loss, their epidemiology, course, prevention, and treatment.

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Section: Viruses Causing Acquired Hearing Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Causes of Hearing Loss: A Review for Hearing Health Professionals

2014

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“…Evaluations of the Houston West Nile Cohort described that even 8 years after infection, approximately 40% of survivors continued to experience some sort of sequelae ( Murray et al, 2014 ; Weatherhead et al, 2015 ). Unlike the alphaviruses, WNV has also been described to lead to visual impairment and retinopathy, balance problems, hearing loss, and joint problems ( Asnis et al, 2000 ; Burton et al, 2004 ; Gottfried et al, 2005 ; LaBeaud et al, 2006 ; McBride et al, 2006 ; Casetta et al, 2011 ; Hart et al, 2014 ; Murray et al, 2014 ; Weatherhead et al, 2015 ; Anukumar et al, 2016 ; Hasbun et al, 2016 ; Winkelmann et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Clinical Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, intact hearing is crucial to successful measurements of both ASR and PPI; therefore, the SHIRPA evaluation is key to perform as an initial measure of neurological function. This is very important to keep in mind for viruses that may cause hearing loss or impairment on top of other neurological sequelae, such as West Nile virus ( McBride et al, 2006 ; Casetta et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Applying Neuroscience To Viral Sequelaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Should the ASR or PPI response change and the animal no longer responds normally to the clicker, additional tests should be done to evaluate the auditory threshold of the animal. These tests will be especially important to viral infections that are known to lead to hearing loss, such as WNV ( McBride et al, 2006 ; Casetta et al, 2011 ; Anukumar et al, 2016 ). Two such tests are measurements of otoacoustic emissions (OAE) and auditory-evoked brainstem response (ABR).…”

Section: Applying Neuroscience To Viral Sequelaementioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurological Sequelae Resulting from Encephalitic Alphavirus Infection

2016

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The recent surge in viral clinical cases and associated neurological deficits have reminded us that viral infections can lead to detrimental, long-term effects, termed sequelae, in survivors. Alphaviruses are enveloped, single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses in the Togaviridae family. Transmission of alphaviruses between and within species occurs mainly via the bite of an infected mosquito bite, giving alphaviruses a place among arboviruses, or arthropod-borne viruses. Alphaviruses are found throughout the world and typically cause arthralgic or encephalitic disease in infected humans. Originally detected in the 1930s, today the major encephalitic viruses include Venezuelan, Western, and Eastern equine encephalitis viruses (VEEV, WEEV, and EEEV, respectively). VEEV, WEEV, and EEEV are endemic to the Americas and are important human pathogens, leading to thousands of human infections each year. Despite awareness of these viruses for nearly 100 years, we possess little mechanistic understanding regarding the complications (sequelae) that emerge after resolution of acute infection. Neurological sequelae are those complications involving damage to the central nervous system that results in cognitive, sensory, or motor deficits that may also manifest as emotional instability and seizures in the most severe cases. This article serves to provide an overview of clinical cases documented in the past century as well as a summary of the reported neurological sequelae due to VEEV, WEEV, and EEEV infection. We conclude with a treatise on the utility of, and practical considerations for animal models applied to the problem of neurological sequelae of viral encephalopathies in order to decipher mechanisms and interventional strategies.

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“…Newborn rats infected intracerebrally had higher elicitation and inhibition thresholds than control animals (12). However, the mechanisms of hearing loss associated with viral infections still remain largely elusive (6,8,(12)(13)(14)(15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Model of Sensorineural Hearing Loss Associated with Lassa Virus Infection

Yun

Ronca

Tamura

et al. 2016

J Virol

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Approximately one-third of Lassa virus (LASV)-infected patients develop sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in the late stages of acute disease or in early convalescence. With 500,000 annual cases of Lassa fever (LF), LASV is a major cause of hearing loss in regions of West Africa where LF is endemic. To date, no animal models exist that depict the human pathology of LF with associated hearing loss. Here, we aimed to develop an animal model to study LASV-induced hearing loss using human isolates from a 2012 Sierra Leone outbreak. We have recently established a murine model for LF that closely mimics many features of human disease. In this model, LASV isolated from a lethal human case was highly virulent, while the virus isolated from a nonlethal case elicited mostly mild disease with moderate mortality. More importantly, both viruses were able to induce SNHL in surviving animals. However, utilization of the nonlethal, human LASV isolate allowed us to consistently produce large numbers of survivors with hearing loss. Surviving mice developed permanent hearing loss associated with mild damage to the cochlear hair cells and, strikingly, significant degeneration of the spiral ganglion cells of the auditory nerve. Therefore, the pathological changes in the inner ear of the mice with SNHL supported the phenotypic loss of hearing and provided further insights into the mechanistic cause of LF-associated hearing loss. IMPORTANCESensorineural hearing loss is a major complication for LF survivors. The development of a small-animal model of LASV infection that replicates hearing loss and the clinical and pathological features of LF will significantly increase knowledge of pathogenesis and vaccine studies. In addition, such a model will permit detailed characterization of the hearing loss mechanism and allow for the development of appropriate diagnostic approaches and medical care for LF patients with hearing impairment.

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West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease presenting with acute flaccid paralysis and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Viral Causes of Hearing Loss: A Review for Hearing Health Professionals

Viral Causes of Hearing Loss: A Review for Hearing Health Professionals

Neurological Sequelae Resulting from Encephalitic Alphavirus Infection

Animal Model of Sensorineural Hearing Loss Associated with Lassa Virus Infection

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