Western diet induces a shift in microbiota composition enhancing susceptibility to Adherent-Invasive E. coli infection and intestinal inflammation.

Abstract

Recent advances have shown that the abnormal inflammatory response observed in CD involves an interplay among intestinal microbiota, host genetics and environmental factors. The escalating consumption of fat and sugar in Western countries parallels an increased incidence of CD during the latter 20th century. The impact of a HF/HS diet in mice was evaluated for the gut micro-inflammation, intestinal microbiota composition, function and selection of an E. coli population. The HF/HS diet created a specific inflammatory environment in the gut, correlated with intestinal mucosa dysbiosis characterized by an overgrowth of pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria such as E. coli, a decrease in protective bacteria, and a significantly decreased of SCFA concentrations. The expression of GPR43, a SCFA receptor was reduced in mice treated with a HF/HS diet and reduced in CD patients compared with controls. Interestingly, mice treated with an agonist of GPR43 were protected against DSS-induced colitis. Finally, the transplantation of feces from HF/HS treated mice to GF mice increased susceptibility to AIEC infection. Together, our results demonstrate that a Western diet could aggravate the inflammatory process and that the activation of the GPR43 receptor pathway could be used as a new strategy to treat CD patients.

Nutrition, oxidative stress and intestinal dysbiosis: Influence of diet on gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases

“…Similarly, according to Agus et al 22 , excessive consumption of animal protein is associated with an increased risk of developing CD; while the consumption of fruit and vegetables was inversely related 15 . Patients with CD also showed a shift in the microbiota, with an increased Proteobacteria and Bifidobacteria groups, and a decreased Firmicutes 22 . For UC, in addition to the large consumption of refined carbohydrates and simple sugars, the consumption of large amounts of fatty acids is also associated with an increased risk 17 .…”

“…Several studies have shown a correlation between increased oxidative stress and a Western-style diet rich in fats and refined sugars. These products in fact, if taken frequently and in large quantities, cause an increase of the inflammatory state with ROS production and subsequent amplification of the inflammatory cascade [21][22][23] . Currently, there are also discussions about the potential role of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in the pathogenesis of IBD.…”

“…In addition, it is well demonstrated that diet has a great influence (estimated at 57% compared with 12% for genetic factors) on the composition of the microbiota 10 . Targeted studies have shown that consumption of large amounts of fat and sugar in the long run, results in a degree of dysbiosis and in a change of microbiota such as an increased number of Bacterioides spp and Ruminococcus torques 22 . Fig.…”

“…It is well-demonstrated that diets high in fat and/or sugar destroy the intestinal microbiota, leading to dysbiosis and increased production of endotoxins 23 . Dysbiosis modifies the intestinal mucosa which becomes thinner and more permeable to pathogens and antigens with consequent establishment a low-grade but persistent, inflammation 22 . In contrast, a diet rich in vegetables and fibers, reduces the intestinal pH and prevents the growth of potential pathogenic bacteria such as strains of E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae 10 .…”

Avaliação do efeito de diferentes prebióticos sobre o desenvolvimento de cepas de <i>Lactobacillus</i>

“…Nas últimas décadas, o padrão alimentar sofreu grandes mudanças de composição, houve um aumento no consumo de produtos industrializados ricos em gordura e açúcares refinados (AGUS et al,2016).…”