Western diet induces dysbiosis with increasedE coliin CEABAC10 mice,alters host barrier function favouring AIEC colonisation

Captivity humanizes the primate microbiome

“…This suggests there may be a broader role for maintaining keystone gut microbial genetic and functional diversity in the conservation of NHPs, although further research is needed to determine which microbiome perturbations represent dysbiosis, and which are merely benign or even beneficial adaptations to changes in lifestyle and diet. Previous studies have shown that changes in diet are directly associated with shifts in gut microbial community structure (18,20,34). By leveraging our study design and zoological medical records, we were able to rule out geography, host genetics, antibiotics exposure, and birth in captivity as the primary determinants of the captive primate microbiome.…”

“…Of these factors, diet, gastrointestinal motility, and medication history most strongly shape the gut microbiome (13,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Furthermore, previous studies examining dietary patterns suggest a strong association between Western lifestyle and dysbiosis (3,13,20), especially considering that in Westernized countries, diet-related chronic diseases are the largest contributors to morbidity and mortality (3,21), affecting more than 50% of the population. Dysbiosis in Westernized countries is thought to be mainly a result of diet, as the Western diet is evolutionarily discordant from the diet of ancestral humans (3,21) and tends to be high in fat and animal protein (e.g., red meat), high in sugar, and low in plant-based fiber (3,13,20).…”

“…Furthermore, previous studies examining dietary patterns suggest a strong association between Western lifestyle and dysbiosis (3,13,20), especially considering that in Westernized countries, diet-related chronic diseases are the largest contributors to morbidity and mortality (3,21), affecting more than 50% of the population. Dysbiosis in Westernized countries is thought to be mainly a result of diet, as the Western diet is evolutionarily discordant from the diet of ancestral humans (3,21) and tends to be high in fat and animal protein (e.g., red meat), high in sugar, and low in plant-based fiber (3,13,20). The consequences for humans of living in a state of evolutionary discordance with the native primate diet may include development of disease, increased morbidity and mortality, and reduction in reproductive success (3,21).…”

Deregulation of intestinal anti-microbial defense by the dietary additive, maltodextrin

“…In fact, these types of changes were observed in studies of spatial organization of the microbiome in IBD patients 21 and in murine diet studies. 34,35 Furthermore, it has been hypothesized that bacterial infection acts as an initiating event in the development of IBD, where inflammation is unresolved despite clearance of the offending pathogen. This is supported by epidemiologic studies linking prior enteric infection with increased IBD risk 36 and in a AIEC-induced murine colitis model where inflammation persisted beyond times when viable AIEC could be detected.…”

Therapeutic Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Functional Bowel Disorders

“…43 A highfat diet alters the composition of the intestinal microbiota, and this promotes intestinal inflammation. [44][45][46][47] In one study, a high-fat diet induced increasing ileal tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA only in conventionally raised, specific-pathogen-free mice and not in germfree mice. 46 It changes the behavior as well as the composition of the intestinal microbiota in genetically susceptible hosts, and promotes inflammation.…”