Western Indian Rural Gut Microbial Diversity in Extreme Prakriti Endo-Phenotypes Reveals Signature Microbes

Abstract

Heterogeneity amidst healthy individuals at genomic level is being widely acknowledged. This, in turn, is modulated by differential response to environmental cues and treatment regimens, necessitating the need for stratified/personalized therapy. We intend to understand the molecular determinants of Ayurvedic way (ancient Indian system of medicine) of endo-phenotyping individuals into distinct constitution types termed “Prakriti,” which forms the basis of personalized treatment. In this study, we explored and analyzed the healthy human gut microbiome structure within three predominant Prakriti groups from a genetically homogenous cohort to discover differentially abundant taxa, using 16S rRNA gene based microbial community profiling. We found Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes as major gut microbial components in varying composition, albeit with similar trend across Prakriti. Multiple species of the core microbiome showed differential abundance within Prakriti types, with gender specific signature taxons. Our study reveals that despite overall uniform composition of gut microbial community, healthy individuals belonging to different Prakriti groups have enrichment of specific bacteria. It highlights the importance of Prakriti based endo-phenotypes to explain the variability amongst healthy individuals in gut microbial flora that have important consequences for an individual's health, disease and treatment.

Catabolic Machinery of the Human Gut Microbes Bestow Resilience Against Vanillin Antimicrobial Nature

“…Additionally, Prevotella is the predominant microbial group within the Bacteroidetes and Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae among Firmicutes. These observations are in line with human gut microbial diversity studies highlighted by our group (Chauhan et al, 2018), as well as by other studies in Indian populations (Bhute et al, 2016). SSU rRNA gene amplification followed by their sequencing could introduce biases during the exploration of microbial diversity (Poussin et al, 2018).…”

“…The gut microbes continuously interact, mostly as commensals with the host for their survival (Parker et al, 2018) and maintenance of the healthy host physiology (Yadav et al, 2018). An adult gut microbiome is primarily enriched with Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (Chauhan et al, 2018). The human gut microbiome enriches the host gene pool with additional 300,000 + genetic features to enrich the metabolic potential of the host (Qin et al, 2010;Oliphant and Allen-Vercoe, 2019).…”

Bacteria in the ageing gut: did the taming of fire promote a long human lifespan?

“…Unfortunately, the explicit processing features of the food ingested by the investigated subjects have not been explored in these studies. Furthermore, gut microbiomes from different parts of the world often display a very different composition from those from Western subjects [see for recent studies, e.g., (Kumbhare et al ., ; Chauhan et al ., ; Dubois et al ., )]. As for younger subjects, Bacteroidaceae and strictly anaerobic Firmicutes dominate the colon microbiome of present‐day centenarians, but the species are often different from those in young people (and remember differences in mummies microbiota, discussed previously).…”

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“…Vata Pitta and Kapha. Tridosha are three physiological entities which govern the functioning and homeostasis of the system, which have been shown to have the molecular correlation (22, 23, [39][40][41][42]. The drugs prescribed in Ayurveda are also classified on the basis of their effect on Tridosha (43).…”