Western South Atlantic Climate Experiment (WeSACEx): extreme winds and waves over the Southeastern Brazilian sedimentary basins

Crespo, Natália Machado; Silva, Natália Pillar da; Palmeira, Ronaldo Maia de Jesus; Cardoso, Andressa Andrade; Kaufmann, Clarisse Lacerda Gomes; Lima, José Antônio Moreira; Andrioni, Marcelo; Camargo, Ricardo de; Rocha, Rosmeri Porfírio da

doi:10.1007/s00382-022-06340-y

Cited by 9 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Overall, the cold and warm seasons have the median of wind speed extremes in RG1 differing in 1 m s −1 between reanalyses: 9.6 m s −1 in CFSR and 8.6 m s −1 in ERA5. The difference in the median and extreme wind speeds in reanalyses in South Atlantic basin was already discussed by Cardoso (2019) and Crespo et al (2022), who showed that compared with coastal buoys ERA5 has smaller biases in representation of the mean wind speed, while CFSR is better for the extreme winds. Moreover, other studies for different regions of the globe also reported this aspect (e.g., Çalışır et al, 2021;Thomas et al, 2021).…”

Section: Climatology Of the Extreme Wind Speed At 10-m Heightmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Again, it can be clearly noticed in Figure 4a that CFSR presents stronger winds compared to ERA5. The intensification of winds in September occurs since the South Atlantic subtropical anticyclone is located further south (Crespo et al., 2022) at the same time that there is a thermal low pressure system over the continent (Paraguay region), resulting in the intensification of the horizontal pressure gradients (Oliveira & Quaresma, 2018; Reboita, Ambrizzi, et al., 2019; Reboita, da Rocha, Ambrizzi, & Caetano, 2009). In addition, Satyamurty and De Mattos (1989) and Reboita, da Rocha, Ambrizzi, and Sugahara (2009) also showed that during the summer and spring (warm season), the southeast coast of Brazil is cyclonic and frontogenetically active favoring stronger winds, especially in the spring (Andrade, 2005).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is no climatology indicating what sectors of the basin are more affected by these features. Here, we evaluate the near‐surface winds associated with SCs by selecting the extreme events considering the 95th percentile, since this threshold is frequently used to evaluate extreme winds (Crespo et al., 2022; da Silva, 2013; da Silva et al., 2022). For this, two extended seasons are considered, the warm (from September to February—SONDJF) and cold (from March to August—MAMJJA) ones.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synoptic Climatology of Subtropical Cyclone Impacts on Near‐Surface Winds Over the South Atlantic Basin

Cardoso

Rocha

Crespo

2022

Earth and Space Science

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Winds and precipitation are two meteorological variables of great impact on the economy and society, especially when extreme events occur. The objective of this study is to investigate the subtropical cyclone (SC) impacts on near‐surface wind extremes (defined by 95th percentile) and precipitation in the South Atlantic basin. For the period 1979–2015, the analysis used two reanalysis data (ERA5 and Climate Forecast System Reanalysis [CFSR]) and estimated precipitation from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) considering the extended warm (from September to February) and cold (from March to August) seasons. A total of 169 SCs occurred in the warm season against 87 in the cold one. Two approaches are used to quantify SC impacts: Lagrangian, where the composites follow the cyclone center, and Eulerian, which considers the averaged environment during the cyclone lifecycle. In general, both approaches indicate SC contribution to the positive anomalies of mean and extreme near‐surface wind speeds to the east and northeast of a cyclogenetic region in southeastern Brazil (RG1). For all analyses conducted, wind speeds from CFSR are higher than in ERA5. The SC activity contributes to the enhancement of precipitation to the east and inside RG1 in an organized northwest‐southeast positive anomaly band from the continent to the ocean, while favoring drier conditions to the south. These positive precipitation anomalies are associated with an anomalous low pressure, low‐level moisture flux convergence and warm advection occurring at the same time with an upper‐level divergent flow near RG1. All these features are intensified in the cold season.

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Section: Climatology Of the Extreme Wind Speed At 10-m Heightmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synoptic Climatology of Subtropical Cyclone Impacts on Near‐Surface Winds Over the South Atlantic Basin

Cardoso

Rocha

Crespo

2022

Earth and Space Science

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“…These results corroborate the analyses from Crespo et al . (2022) who showed the spatial biases of the mean and extreme wind speeds from RegCM4 and WRF over the region for the period 1990–2005.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, the WRF simulation applied a spectral nudging for sustaining large-scale features (wave number wnx = wny = 2), as suggested in da Silva and de Camargo (2018). These simulations were also described in Crespo et al (2022), where a preliminary evaluation of the climatology is presented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjustment of extreme wind speed in regional climate downscaling over southwestern South Atlantic

Silva

Crespo

Kaufmann

et al. 2022

Intl Journal of Climatology

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In this study, we estimated near-surface wind speed 100-year return values over the southwestern South Atlantic Ocean, using present-day (1979Ocean, using present-day ( -2018 simulations from the regional climate models (RCMs) WRF and RegCM4. Extreme wind events, associated with hazardous conditions over coastal and oceanic areas, must be well represented in numerical models for risk assessment, and few studies focused on the added value offered by RCMs to wind extremes. Events were selected with the peaks-over-threshold method and extremes were calculated by fitting peaks to a generalized Pareto distribution. For the assessment of model performance, we used the satellite-based dataset from the Cross-Calibrated Multi Platform (CCMP), which has great agreement with in situ observations. While modern reanalysis underestimated higher wind speed quantiles, the CCMP was able to represent these quantiles. Dynamical downscaling with the WRF (RegCM4) indicates an underestimation (overestimation) of wind speed for upper quantiles. To mitigate the effects of these differences in the extreme value estimate, we applied a linear adjustment in the simulated wind speed using the CCMP as reference. This application reduced the bias for higher wind speeds in simulations for all regions, except over the coastal area near Argentina and Uruguay, where downscaling already realistically represents extreme events. The spatial distribution

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Ocean waves in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean: An evaluation of global wave models

Salimbeni,

Dragani,

Alonso

2024

Intl Journal of Climatology

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In situ wave observations are essential for implementing coastal management strategies, designing coastal and offshore structures and understanding many processes related to sedimentology and marine biology. Despite their importance, these observations are rather scarce in the coastal areas of southeastern South America. Moreover, the existing observations are discontinuous, with several gaps and no simultaneity. Today, global wave models have improved their performance by providing reliable wave parameters with high resolution and coverage even at near‐shore areas. In this work, wave parameters from five global models were compared with significant wave heights (HS), peak periods (T) and propagation direction at nine sites located at the Southwestern South Atlantic Ocean. The global products used were WAVERYS (Global Reanalysis Wav 001 032), IOWAGA (WAVEWATCH III Hindcast – WW3 – Global grid – CFSR), ERA5 (ECMWF reanalysis), NOAA WW3 – 30‐year Hindcast Phase 2 and NCEP/EMC Operational global wave model GFS – Wave. Mean arithmetic error (Bias), root mean square deviation, scatter index and the Pearson linear correlation coefficient (r) were assessed at each location where wave observations were available. The best agreements for HS were obtained at the deepest sites located farther from the coast. Lower statistical metrics were achieved at coastal sites where the bathymetry is roughly represented by the global models. The calculated correlation coefficients were found to be lower for T than for HS. Overall, T was slightly underestimated by global models. Wave propagation directions were excellently represented by global models at offshore sites. The WAVERYS model is the global product that best represents the wave parameters in the study area, probably due to its higher spatial resolution (0.2°) and more realistic atmospheric forcing (ERA5). In addition, it satisfactorily represents the temporal variability of HS in open water as well as swell characteristics at the outer the Río de la Plata.

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Western South Atlantic Climate Experiment (WeSACEx): extreme winds and waves over the Southeastern Brazilian sedimentary basins

Cited by 9 publications

References 68 publications

Synoptic Climatology of Subtropical Cyclone Impacts on Near‐Surface Winds Over the South Atlantic Basin

Synoptic Climatology of Subtropical Cyclone Impacts on Near‐Surface Winds Over the South Atlantic Basin

Adjustment of extreme wind speed in regional climate downscaling over southwestern South Atlantic

Ocean waves in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean: An evaluation of global wave models

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