Wet ashing of some biological samples in a microwave oven

Abu-Samra, A; Js, Morris; Koirtyohann,

doi:10.1021/ac60358a013

Cited by 338 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Preparasi sampel untuk penentuan kandungan mineral salak dilakukan menggunakan metode yang dikembangkan Abu-Samra et al (1975), sedangkan sampel nira kelapa tidak memerlukan preparasi sampel. Bobot sampel salak 0,2 g yang telah dihancurkan sebelumnya dikeringkan dan diabukan untuk kemudian dilarutkan pada aquaregia dengan perbandingan HCl:HNO3 = 3:1.…”

Section: Analisis Kandungan Mineralunclassified

Discrimination of Geographical Indication Products from Yogyakarta Special Region Using Mineral Content

2017

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AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan membedakan produk-produk berindikasi geografis dari Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta menggunakan kandungan mineralnya. Kandungan dari empat elemen, yaitu Cu, Fe, Mn dan Zn, pada sampel salak pondoh dan nira kelapa yang merupakan produk berindikasi geografis dari Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta diukur menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS PENDAHULUANProduk berindikasi geografis (IG) merupakan produk yang memiliki keterkaitan kuat dengan daerah dimana produk tersebut berasal sehingga ketika dipasarkan, daerah asal produk, yang memberikan ciri dan kualitas pada produk tersebut, digunakan sebagai bagian nama produknya. Meskipun jumlah produk yang didaftarkan sebagai produk IG di Indonesia semakin meningkat, namun jumlahnya masih relatif sedikit jika dibandingkan dengan negara lain di kawasan Eropa dan Asia. Sampai dengan Maret 2017, terdapat 39 produk yang telah mendapatkan sertifikat indikasi geografis dari Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, dengan komposisi 92% merupakan produk dalam negeri dan 8% merupakan produk asing (Direktorat Jenderal Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia RI, 2017). Diantara produk-produk yang telah tersertifikasi tersebut, terdapat dua produk yang berasal dari Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, yaitu Gula Kelapa Kulon Progo dan Salak Pondoh Sleman. Menurut Sukartiko (2012b), banyaknya jumlah produk yang telah didaftarkan tersebut mengindikasikan setidaknya dua hal, adanya permintaan terhadap produk-produk IG, dan keinginan produsen untuk melindungi produkproduknya dari kemungkinan upaya pemalsuan. Selain itu, keberadaan produk hukum yang mengatur indikasi geografis juga menguatkan indikasi tersebut. Tingginya permintaan dan kebutuhan perlindungan terhadap pemalsuan tersebut, karenanya perlu dilengkapi dengan kajian parameter pendiskrimisasi yang dapat digunakan untuk mengotentikasi produk-produk berindikasi geografis dan membedakannya dari produk-produk non-IG atau produk-produk IG dari daerah asal yang berbeda.

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Section: Analisis Kandungan Mineralunclassified

Discrimination of Geographical Indication Products from Yogyakarta Special Region Using Mineral Content

2017

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“…Analytical chemists first began using MEC in 1975 to digest biological samples (4). A domestic microwave oven was used to rapidly heat a mixture of sample and digestion acids to its atmospheric boiling point in an Erlenmeyer flask.…”

Section: Me Ec C S Sa Am Mp Pl Le E--p Pr Re Ep Pa Ar Ra At Ti Io Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Reviewed: Microwave-Enhanced Chemistry

Richter¹,

Link²,

Kingston³

2001

Anal. Chem.

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“…Use of microwave domestic ovens in the laboratory has been mentioned for the first time by Samra et al in 1975 for the treatment of biological samples for metal trace analysis [8]. Since this date, the technique of digestion has been developed [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave assisted extraction of organic compounds

1999

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Abstract. Microwave energy has been developed recently for the extraction of organic compounds from environmental matrices after its use in inorganic chemistry for trace metal analysis. The development in microwave techniques has occurred because of a need for a rapid, safe and cheap method. Conventional techniques for the extraction of solid matrices (such as Soxhlet) are time and solvent consuming and the analysis of numerous samples in environmental studies is limited by the extraction step. This review recalls the importance of the extraction step in the analytical procedure for the analysis of organic contaminants and the principles of extraction of solid matrices (sediment, soil, air particulate matter...). The theory of microwave heating is summarised and the microwave ovens used in analytical chemistry are described. Then, the review attempts to summarise all the studies about microwave assisted extraction for organic contaminants, on one hand in multimode microwave ovens in closed vessels and on the other hand in focused microwave ovens at atmospheric pressure. The microwave assisted extraction methods of volatile compounds are summarised. Finally, advantages of methods compared to conventional extraction are discussed.Key words. Microwave -extraction -organic contaminants. Analusis, 1999, 27, 259-271 © EDP Sciences, Wiley-VCH 1999 * Correspondence and reprints. Received October 20, 1998 revised December 09, 1999; accepted January 19, 1999. Article available at http://analusis.edpsciences.org or http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/analusis:1999116 soils, air particulate matter...). The theory of microwave heating is summarised and the microwave ovens used in analytical chemistry are described. Then, the review attempts to summarise all the studies about microwave assisted extraction of non and semi-volatile organic contaminants, on one hand in multimode microwave oven in closed vessels and on the other hand in focused microwave ovens at atmospheric pressure. The influence of parameters such as time, temperature, power, nature of solvent, nature of matrix, moisture content and the stability of compounds are discussed. The microwave assisted extraction methods of volatile compounds are summarised. Finally, advantages of these methods compared to conventional extraction are reviewed. Importance of the extraction step in the analytical procedureNatural samples can rarely be used in their raw state. Their nature must be compatible with the detection method. The analysis of organic contaminants requires pre-treatment of the sample. Different steps of sampling, extraction and purification are necessary before the determination and the quantification of individual compounds.The principal step of the sample treatment is the extraction of analytes from matrix, which consists of transfer of the compounds into a solvent. Extraction is rarely selective. The raw extract is then constituted of studied compounds at trace level but also of co-extracted compounds (endogenous compounds, macromolecules, other contaminants...)...

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Wet ashing of some biological samples in a microwave oven

Cited by 338 publications

References 9 publications

Discrimination of Geographical Indication Products from Yogyakarta Special Region Using Mineral Content

Discrimination of Geographical Indication Products from Yogyakarta Special Region Using Mineral Content

Peer Reviewed: Microwave-Enhanced Chemistry

Microwave assisted extraction of organic compounds

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