Wetland Soil Carbon in a Watershed Context for the Prairie Pothole Region

Abstract

Wetland restoration in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) often involves soil removal to enhance water storage volume and/ or remove seedbanks of invasive species. Consequences of soil removal could include loss of soil organic carbon (SOC), which is important to ecosystem functions such as water-holding capacity and nutrient retention needed for plant re-establishment. We used watershed position and surface flow pathways to classify wetlands into headwater or network systems to address two questions relevant to carbon (C) cycling and wetland restoration practices: (i) Do SOC stocks and C mineralization rates vary with landscape position in the watershed (headwater vs. network systems) and land use (restored vs. native prairie grasslands)? (ii) How might soil removal affect plant emergence? We addressed these questions using wetlands at three large (?200 ha) study areas in the central North Dakota PPR. We found the cumulative amount of C mineralization over 90 d was 100% greater for network than headwater systems, but SOC stocks were similar, suggesting greater C inputs beneath wetlands connected by higher-order drainage lines are balanced by greater rates of C turnover. Land use significantly affected SOC, with greater stocks beneath native prairie than restored grasslands for both watershed positions. Removal of mineral soil negatively affected plant emergence. This watershed-based framework can be applied to guide restoration designs by (i) weighting wetlands based on surface flow connectivity and contributing area and (ii) mapping the effects of soil removal on plant and soil properties for network and headwater wetland systems in the PPR.

Innovative Feasibility Study for the Reclamation of the Cascajo Wetlands in Peru Utilizing Sustainable Technologies

“…Wetlands are reservoirs for biodiversity, by not only providing a vital habitat for hundreds of species of amphibians, birds, mammals, and plants, but also giving shelter to endangered, endemic, and migratory species [13]. The soil and vegetation of wetlands filter pollutants in the water passing through these areas, rendering the water from rivers, lakes, and underground aquifers cleaner [14,15]. Healthy wetlands play a versatile role in helping adapt some of these climate changes, such as (1) contributing for flood control by collecting the excess rainwater that is subsequently released progressively; and (2) acting as water reservoirs during rainy or thawing seasons, thus buffering the effects of the floods downstream [11].…”