Wettability and Oil Recovery by Low Salinity Injection

Shiran, Behruz Shaker; Skauge, Arne

doi:10.2118/155651-ms

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Therefore, oil production performance was much efficient in higher-permeability samples. This is in good agreement with findings of other researchers (Robbana et al 2012;Shaker Shiran and Skauge 2012;Shehata and Nasr El-Din 2015). Figure 13 also shows that the imbibition time required to obtain the ultimate oil recovery was shorter for the highpermeability core plug compared with the low-permeability ones.…”

Section: Permeability Effectsupporting

confidence: 92%

Enhanced oil recovery from carbonate reservoirs by spontaneous imbibition of low salinity water

et al. 2018

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An experimental study was performed to investigate the impact of low salinity water on wettability alteration in carbonate core samples from southern Iranian reservoirs by spontaneous imbibition. In this paper, the effect of temperature, salinity, permeability and connate water were investigated by comparing the produced hydrocarbon curves. Contact angle measurements were taken to confirm the alteration of surface wettability of porous media. Oil recovery was enhanced by increasing the dilution ratio of sea water, and there existed an optimum dilution ratio at which the highest oil recovery was achieved. In addition, temperature had a very significant impact on oil recovery from carbonate rocks. Furthermore, oil recovery from a spontaneous imbibition process was directly proportional to the permeability of the core samples. The presence of connate water saturation inside the porous media facilitated oil production significantly. Also, the oil recovery from porous media was highly dependent on ion repulsion/attraction activity of the rock surface which directly impacts on the wettability conditions. Finally, the highest ion attraction percentage was measured for sodium while there was no significant change in pH for all experiments.

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Section: Permeability Effectsupporting

confidence: 92%

Enhanced oil recovery from carbonate reservoirs by spontaneous imbibition of low salinity water

et al. 2018

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“…Figure 3d shows that plugs with approximately 100 mD permeability gave the highest incremental oil recovery in the secondary stage, while incremental oil recovery was less than 5% for plugs with permeability less than 10 mD. Shaker and Skauge (2012) and Hadia et al (2012) showed that a low-salinity flood seemed favorable when the initial Fig. 6 Relation between Ca +2 /Na + and additional oil recovery wetting conditions were not water wet.…”

Section: Effect Of Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive investigation of low-salinity waterflooding in sandstone reservoirs

Snosy

Ela

El-Banbi

et al. 2020

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Waterflooding has been applied for many years as secondary recovery method with no or little regard to the effect of the injected water salinity on oil recovery. However, in the last decade, there has been an increasing interest in understanding the effects of changing injected water salinity on reservoir performance. The potential of low-salinity waterflooding (LSWF) has been studied in sandstone reservoirs by numerous core-flooding experiments. These experiments have shown diverse results. This paper aims to investigate the effects of changing water salinity on oil recovery. A comprehensive review and analysis of the results of more than 500 core-flood experiments from published work were investigated to study the effects of several parameters such as clay content, clay type, and temperature on oil recovery. The relation between incremental oil recovery and sodium adsorption ratio SAR, and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) parameters which control clay swelling was illustrated. The analysis of the results revealed that there is an optimum composition and optimum salinity for waterflooding in secondary flooding stage. However, for tertiary flooding stage, the results showed that the controlling factor may be not decreasing the salinity but rather changing the salinity (e.g., either increasing or decreasing) with minor improvement in oil recovery. It was clear also that applying the optimum salinity in the secondary recovery stage is more effective than applying it in the tertiary recovery stage. This study aims to develop important guidelines for screening and designing optimum salinity for waterflooding projects in sandstone reservoirs.

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“…The wettability alteration may occur via various EOR methods such as smart water injection (Gandomkar and Rahimpour 2015;Rivet et al 2010), low-salinity water injection (Tang and Morrow 1997a;Shehata and Nasr El-Din 2015;Samira et al 2018), and Nano EOR (Hendraningrat et al 2013). There exist some conventional experimental methods to investigate the occurrence and contribution of wettability alteration during various EOR techniques such as contact angle measurement (Mahani et al 2015a), flotation test (Anderson 1986), adhesion test (Anderson 1986;Tiab and Donaldson 2004), spontaneous imbibition (Shehata and Nasr El-Din 2015), core-flooding (Wickramathilaka et al 2011), and capillary pressure measurement (Anderson 1986;Shaker Shiran and Skauge 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of water saturation and cation concentrations on wettability alteration and oil recovery of carbonate rocks using low-salinity water

Zaeri

Shahverdi

Hashemi

et al. 2018

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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In this study, the effect of initial water saturation on the oil recovery for carbonate rocks is investigated using spontaneous imbibition experiments. The experiments are performed using 20 times diluted sea water as imbibing fluid and the sea water as initial water. In addition, the impact of pH and Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na +, and K + cations concentration change of imbibing fluid are investigated during tests. These results help to identify the active cations in the wettability alteration process of carbonate rocks during the low-salinity water injection. A mechanism is proposed to describe the effect of initial water saturation on the oil recovery by low-salinity water injection. The impact of initial water saturation on the wettability alteration might be positive or negative depending on its value and the rock permeability. The comparison of divalent cations concentrations shows that the minimum adsorption of Ca 2+ and maximum desorption of Mg 2+ lead to maximum oil recovery of spontaneous imbibition. The results confirm that three cations of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and Na + are active for wettability alteration of carbonate rocks in the presence of sea water as initial water and diluted sea as imbibing fluid, whilst the amounts of potassium remain constant.

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Wettability and Oil Recovery by Low Salinity Injection

Cited by 33 publications

References 17 publications

Enhanced oil recovery from carbonate reservoirs by spontaneous imbibition of low salinity water

Enhanced oil recovery from carbonate reservoirs by spontaneous imbibition of low salinity water

Comprehensive investigation of low-salinity waterflooding in sandstone reservoirs

Impact of water saturation and cation concentrations on wettability alteration and oil recovery of carbonate rocks using low-salinity water

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